USA Rice
Meetings with the Trump Administration
WASHINGTON, DC - While
much of the action at this week's USA Rice Government Affairs Conference took
place on Capitol Hill, attendees also participated in a dozen meetings with
Trump Administration officials around the city to share priorities and hear
updates.
Groups made up of
producers, millers, and merchants from all the major rice producing states
visited with representatives and leadership at the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA), Department of State, U.S. Agency for International
Development (USAID), World Food Program (WFP), Food and Drug Administration
(FDA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the U.S. Trade Representative
(USTR).
"Preserving trade
agreements that work and holding our trading partners accountable that don't
live up to their obligations was our message in meetings with USDA and the U.S.
Trade Representative's Office," said Carl Brothers, chairman of the USA
Rice International Trade Policy Committee and COO, Riceland Foods, Inc.
"We were very clear
that NAFTA works for the rice industry and any improvements to this nearly 20
year-old trade deal can't come at our expense," Brothers said.
"Looking forward, many heavy hitters in the global rice business like
India are over subsidizing their rice producers which means U.S. growers and
exporters have to compete with surplus production on the world market.
The U.S. government needs to enforce existing trade agreements."
Kick-starting the U.S.
effort to sign a long-completed phytosanitary protocol permitting the purchase
of U.S. milled rice by China's importers was a key topic of USA Rice's meeting
with USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. "This
bilateral negotiation has been going on in one form or another for over a
decade," according to Michael Rue, California producer and vice chairman
of the International Trade Policy Committee. "China is delaying
signature and we're asking the incoming Administration to bring this protocol
across the goal line. They understand how important this is to the rice
industry and we will assist in any way possible."
Members also engaged in
productive discussions with officials from USDA's Foreign Agriculture Service
(FAS) on international market opportunities and USA Rice promotional strategies
for 2017 in key export markets. Acting FAS Administrator Holly Higgins
hosted the meeting, which included a welcome by Acting Deputy Undersecretary
for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services Jason Hafemeister.
Members expressed
appreciation for the strong commitment of FAS in helping rice industry efforts
maintain and grow export markets. FAS officials also reviewed the state
of play regarding NAFTA and Mexico, WTO panels on China's domestic support and
TRQ administration, rice trade with Cuba under the new Administration, and the
future of Brexit and its impact on EU and UK trade agreements.
Food aid was high on the
agenda of USA Rice members in meetings with officials from USDA, USAID and the
WFP. Members received an update on a study of rice fortification
technologies and the use of fortified rice in food assistance programs.
This study is near completion, and the results could help fortified rice be increasingly
integrated into existing food aid programs.
"Rice fortification
is a proven, cost-effective way to combat malnutrition" said Bobby Hanks,
CEO of Louisiana Rice Mill and Chair of the USA Rice Food Aid
Subcommittee. "We encourage USDA and USAID to utilize every
technology at their disposal so that fortified rice can be used successfully,
and as a healthy and nutritious option for feeding programs".
In meetings with WFP
officials, USA Rice members were clear in their support of in-kind commodity
contributions in food aid programs as opposed to cash or vouchers, which can
seriously increase the risk of fraud and abuse of funds that cannot be easily
monitored.
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Mr.
McKnight goes to Washington
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A robust group of growers
attended back-to-back meetings with the USDA sub-agencies overseeing farm
programs including, the Farm Service Agency (FSA), Risk Management Agency
(RMA), and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).
Daniel Berglund, a rice
farmer and crop insurance aficionado from Wharton, Texas, participated in all
three of those meetings. Berglund said, "It's great to get a chance
to meet with USDA staff that can really get in the weeds with us about
technical issues and historical knowledge because of long careers in the
industry. We were able to cover a lot of ground ranging from several new
insurance endorsements we're submitting to the latest 'practical to replant'
dates regulated by RMA."
"Our meeting with
NRCS just felt really effective, the room was brimming with excitement because
of our great partnership with the agency, not to mention the $25 million in
cost-share funding that's been collectively secured by the industry through the
Regional Conservation Partnership Program. Our staff have clearly built
strong relationships with many of the folks within the agencies and it makes
working with USDA that much easier on us when we come into town," said
Berglund.
All of the officials
shared the sentiment that meeting with a unified rice industry is helpful as
they begin navigating their portfolios under the new Administration.
"We think it was
important to get into these agencies to reinforce our positions and
expectations even before many of the Trump appointees are seated," said
USA Rice President & CEO Betsy Ward, who attended most of the
Administration meetings. "Those appointees are going to have to hit
the ground running, but at least from a rice perspective, their staffs are
well-briefed."
Finally, in an annual
tradition, members of the newly graduated Rice Leadership Development Class met
with Ambassador José Ramón Cabañas Rodríguez at the Cuban Embassy to review the
current state of relations between the two countries, and relay information to
the Ambassador about their discussions on Cuba with Congress earlier in the
week.
Class member
Hudgens Jeter, an Arkansas rice farmer, said, "We left the Cuban embassy
with a sense of positivity because we know the Cuban people yearn for U.S. rice
and our industry is willing and able to provide it. We just need to keep
moving forward toward our common goal of opening this market."
USA Rice
Basmati rice exports
delayed due to resumption of imports by Iran, says ICRA
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Shares1
Sat, 18 Feb 2017-09:11am , ANI
Delay in
resumption of imports by Iran is likely to hinder the recovery in Indian Basmati
rice exports, says credit rating agency, ICRA, in its latest update note on
Indian Basmati rice industry.
ICRA has
estimated this as a temporary delay, considering Iran?s insufficient domestic
rice production and depleting inventory levels to meet its demand.
In ICRA?s
view, the price cap of USD 850 per metric tonne (MT) could pose further hurdles
for the Basmati rice industry; given that during the current procurement season
average Basmati paddy prices have been higher by 20-25 percent. Thus an inflow
of orders from Iran, even after the import ban is lifted, remains to be seen.
?Iran is
a major export destination for Indian Basmati rice and decline in demand from
Iran has played a role in the declining realisations of exports from India ?
from USD 1298/MT in FY2014 to USD 784/MT in FY2017,? said Deepak Jotwani,
Assistant VP, ICRA Ltd.
Iran is
amongst the major importers of Basmati rice from India. However, over the
years, the Iranian Government has imposed a ban on import of Basmati rice from
time to time, as per the movement in inventory held by its rice traders and
also to safeguard the interests of its local farmers. Iran last imposed a ban
on import of Basmati rice in July 2016.
Given
that the ban persisted against industry expectations, the Government of India
sent a trade delegation to Iran in January 2017 to resolve the issue. Following
this, it was expected that the import ban would be removed soon. While there
has been no official notification from Iran, a group of large Basmati rice
importers in Iran have recently capped the price of Basmati rice imports at USD
850/MT.
In
another adverse development for the industry, the US has recently imposed fresh
trade sanctions on Iran, which restrains Iran?s use of the US dollar for trade.
These two developments have created uncertainty around the resumption of
Basmati rice exports to Iran.
While
Basmati rice is consumed across the globe, West Asian countries continue to
account for most of the imports (75 percent of Indian Basmati rice exports in
FY2016). Within West Asia, Iran and Saudi Arabia are the two largest buyers,
together accounting for 40 to 50 percent of total Basmati rice exports from
India.
In the
past, Iran had been placed under economic sanctions by the USA, Europe and the
United Nations, following which the Government of India implemented the rupee
payment mechanism through UCO Bank to facilitate trade between India and Iran.
This led to a surge in Indian Basmati rice exports to Iran (primarily Pusa 1121
variety) over FY2013 and FY2014 and it emerged as the largest importer (37
percent) of Basmati rice from India. However since then, exports to Iran have
largely been on a downward trajectory owing to the import bans imposed. This
has reflected in declining export realisations for the last few years.
(This
article has not been edited by DNA's editorial team and is auto-generated from
an agency feed.
http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-basmati-rice-exports-delayed-due-to-resumption-of-imports-by-iran-says-icra-2326987
Iran's delay in resumption of imports to hinder Basmati exports'
recovery
However, this as a temporary delay,
considering Iran's insufficient domestic rice production
Press Trust of India
| Mumbai February 17, 2017 Last Updated at 21:55 IST
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ALSO
READ
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Delay in the resumption of imports by Iran is likely to hinder the recovery
in Basmati exports from India, a report said.
However, this as a temporary delay,
considering Iran's insufficient domestic rice production and depleting
inventory levels to meet its demand, the rating agency ICRA said in its latest update note on Indian Basmati rice industry.
The price cap of $850 per metric
tonne (MT) could pose further hurdles for the Basmati rice industry, given that
during the current procurement season average Basmati paddy prices have been
higher by 20-25 per cent, Icra said. Thus an inflow of orders
from Iran, even after the import ban is lifted, remains to be seen, it said.
"Iran is a major export destination for Indian Basmati rice and decline in demand from Iran has played a role in the declining
realisations of exports from India — from $1298/MT in FY2014 to
$784/MT in 8M FY2017," Icra Assistant Vice-President Deepak
Jotwani said.
Over the years, the Iranian
Government has imposed a ban on import of Basmati rice from time to time,
according to the movement in inventory held by its rice traders and also to
safeguard the interests of local farmers. Iran last imposed a ban on import of
Basmati in July 2016.
The Indian government sent a trade delegation to Iran in January 2017 to resolve the
issue. While there has been no official notification from Iran, a group of
large Basmati rice importers in Iran recently capped the price of
Basmati rice imports at $850/MT, the report said.
In another adverse development for
the industry, the US recently imposed fresh trade sanctions on Iran, which
restrains Iran's use of the US dollar for trade. These two developments have
created uncertainty around the resumption of Basmati rice exports to Iran, Icra said.
West Asian countries continue to account
for the major chunk of imports of Basmati; nearly 75 per cent of Indian Basmati rice exports in FY16 were to these nations.
Within West Asia, Iran and Saudi Arabia are the two
largest buyers, together accounting for 40-50 per cent of total Basmati rice exports from India.
http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/iran-s-delay-likely-to-hinder-recovery-in-basmati-exports-117021700817_1.html
Bidders flock to Thai
rice auction
The
Foreign Trade Department of Thailand has called for the auction of 2.87 million
tonnes of rice stocks fit for human consumption
PUBLISHED
: Friday, 17 February, 2017, 3:24pm
UPDATED
: Friday, 17 February, 2017, 3:24pm
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According to Duangporn Rodphaya,
director-general of the Foreign Trade Department in Thailand, hom mali fragrant rice attracted the most
interest, accounting for 26.1% of the total or 745,236 tonnes, followed by
white rice 5% at 479,761 tonnes or 16.8%.
The Foreign Trade Department
announced on Jan 10 a call for a general auction for the remaining 2.87 million
tonnes fit for human consumption. The stocks are kept in 274 state warehouses
in 17 provinces. Interested bidders were allowed to observe the rice stocks
during Feb 6-10.
Qualified bidders were
scheduled to submit their bids yesterday, with the names of the winners to be
announced on the same day.
But the department on Feb 14
ordered the auction of 4,784 tonnes of hom mali rice at warehouses in Nakhon
Sawan to be scrapped, as requested by the Public Warehouse Organisation.
Mrs Duangporn said the
department would later submit the results of the auction to the panel handling
state rice stocks and the national rice policy committee for final approval.
Prime Minister Prayut
Chan-o-cha said last month that the government wanted to dispose of its
existing rice stocks this year. Most of the existing 8 million tonnes are white
rice, 5 million tonnes of which is poor-quality grain unfit for human
consumption.
The remaining 2.87 million
tonnes was mixed grade in quality and suitable for human consumption.
The Commerce Ministry is in
talks with the Energy and Industry ministries to find industrial purposes for
the inedible stocks, such as biomass and ethanol production.
The Thai Rice Exporters
Association forecast last month Thai rice exports were expected to drop by 3.8%
in volume this year, with export prices likely to stay relatively low because
of higher global supply and stiffer competition.
The shipments should reach 9.5
million tonnes this year, fetching US$4.3 billion or 150 billion baht, the
association said.
Of the total export volume, 4.6
million tonnes is forecast to be white rice, 2.4 million tonnes hom mali rice,
2 million tonnes parboiled rice and the rest glutinous and broken rice
http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/2071784/bidders-flock-thai-rice-auction
Iran’s delay likely to hinder recovery in Basmati exports
Mumbai, Feb
17 (PTI) Delay in resumption of imports by Iran is likely to hinder the
recovery in Basmati exports from India, a report said.
However, this as a temporary delay,
considering Iran’s insufficient domestic rice production and depleting
inventory levels to meet its demand, the rating agency ICRA said in its latest
update note on Indian Basmati rice industry.
Price cap of USD 850 per metric tonne (MT)
could pose further hurdles for the Basmati rice industry, given that during the
current procurement season average Basmati paddy prices have been higher by
20-25 per cent, ICRA said. Thus an inflow of orders from Iran, even after the
import ban is lifted, remains to be seen, it said.
“Iran is a major export destination for
Indian Basmati rice and decline in demand from Iran has played a role in the
declining realisations of exports from India — from USD 1298/MT in FY2014 to
USD 784/MT in 8M FY2017,” ICRA Assistant Vice President Deepak Jotwani said.
Over the years, the Iranian Government has
imposed a ban on import of Basmati rice from time to time, as per the movement
in inventory held by its rice traders and also to safeguard the interests of
local farmers. Iran last imposed a ban on import of Basmati in July 2016.
The Indian government sent a trade delegation
to Iran in January 2017 to resolve the issue. While there has been no official
notification from Iran, a group of large Basmati rice importers in Iran
recently capped the price of Basmati rice imports at USD 850/MT, the report
said.
In another adverse development for the
industry, the US recently imposed fresh trade sanctions on Iran, which
restrains Iran’s use of the US dollar for trade. These two developments have
created uncertainty around the resumption of Basmati rice exports to Iran, ICRA
said.
West Asian countries continue to account for
major chunk of imports of Basmati; nearly 75 per cent of Indian Basmati rice
exports in FY2016 were to these nations.
Within West Asia, Iran and Saudi Arabia are
the two largest buyers, together accounting for 40-50 per cent of total Basmati
rice exports from India.
This is
published unedited from the PTI feed.
http://www.india.com/news/agencies/irans-delay-likely-to-hinder-recovery-in-basmati-exports-1849006/
Foodgrain
output up 8.1% in 2016-17 due to good monsoons
Avneet Kaur New
Delhi Last Updated: February 17, 2017
| 17:44 IST
WE RECOMMEND
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MORE FROM THE AUTHOR
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Foodgrain production in India has
grown by 8.1 per cent to 271.98 million tonnes in 2016-17, as per the 2nd
advance estimates released by the ministry of agriculture & farmer welfare.
The bumper output expected this year would be 15 per cent higher than the
average production of foodgrain recorded during the last five years (2011-12 to
2015-16). According to the department, the record output is a result of
favourable monsoon and various policy initiatives taken by the government.
Production of wheat, coarse
cereals, pulses and oilseeds are expected to touch new records-
Rice: Total
production of rice is estimated at record 108.86 million tonnes which is a new
record. This year's rice production is higher by 2.21 million tonnes than
previous record production of 106.65 million tonnes achieved during 2013-14. It
is also higher by 3.44 million tonnes than the five years' average Rice
production of 105.42 million tonnes. Production of rice has increased significantly
by 4.45 million tonnes than the production of 104.41 million tonnes during
2015-16.
Wheat:
Production of Wheat, estimated at 96.64 million tonnes is also a record. This
year's wheat production is higher than the previous record production of 95.85
million tonnes achieved during 2013-14. Production of Wheat during
2016-17 is also higher by 4.03 million tonnes than the average wheat
production. The current year's production is higher by 4.36 million tonnes as
compared to Wheat production of 92.29 million tonnes achieved during 2015-16.
Coarse Cereals: Total production of coarse cereals is estimated at a new record level of 44.34 million tones, higher than the average production by 3.00 million tones. It is higher than the previous record production of 43.40 million tonnes achieved during 2010-11 by 0.94 million tonnes. Current year's production it is also higher by 5.82 million tonnes as compared to their production of 38.52 million tonnes achieved during 2015-16.
Coarse Cereals: Total production of coarse cereals is estimated at a new record level of 44.34 million tones, higher than the average production by 3.00 million tones. It is higher than the previous record production of 43.40 million tonnes achieved during 2010-11 by 0.94 million tonnes. Current year's production it is also higher by 5.82 million tonnes as compared to their production of 38.52 million tonnes achieved during 2015-16.
Pulses: As a result of significant increase in the area coverage and productivity of all major Pulses, total production of pulses during 2016-17 is estimated at 22.14 million tonnes which is higher by 2.89 million tonnes than the previous record production of 19.25 million tonnes achieved during 2013-14. Production of Pulses during 2016-17 is also higher by 4.50 million tonnes than their Five years' average production. Current year's production is higher by 5.79 million tonnes than the previous year's production of 16.35 million tonnes.
Oilseeds: With an increase of 8.35 million tonnes over the previous year, total Oilseeds production in the country is estimated at record level of 33.60 million tonnes. It is higher by 0.85 million tonnes than the previous record production of 32.75 million tonnes achieved during 2013-14. The production of Oilseeds during 2016-17 is also higher by 4.34 million tonnes than the five year's average Oilseeds production. The current year's production is significantly higher than the production of 25.25 million tonnes during 2015-16.
Sugarcane: Its production is estimated at 309.98 million tonnes which is lower by 38.46 million tonnes than the last year's production of 348.45 million tonnes.
Cotton: Despite lower area coverage during 2016-17, higher productivity of Cotton has resulted into higher production of 32.51 million bales (of 170 Jute & Mestakg each) as compared to 30.01 million bales during 2015-16.
Jute & Mesta:
Production of Jute & Mesta estimated at 10.06 million bales (of 180 kg
each) is marginally lower than their production of 10.52 million bales during
the last year
http://www.businesstoday.in/sectors/agriculture/foodgrain-output-up-8.1-per-cent-in-2016-and-17-due-to-good-monsoons/story/246578.html
Submitted
by Eleven on Fri, 02/17/2017 - 12:27
Writer:
EMG
Myanmar earned more than
US$12 million exporting over 40,000 tonnes of rice by sea
in January, according to the Ministry of Commerce.
It was a 17,694-tonne increase from December.
The country exported more than US$3.58 million worth of rice to
the US from January 29 to February 4.
It also earned more than US$10 million exporting 40,576 tonnes of
broken rice last month.
Myanmar exported more than 1.15 million tonnes of rice and broken
rice between April and January, nearly 150,000 tonnes down on the previous
year, according to the ministry.
Khin Maung Lwin, a senior official from the ministry, said this
year’s rice exports are expected to “almost” reach last year’s figure.
Myanmar exports rice to more than 50 countries with more than 70
per cent going to China, according to the ministry.
The country inked a deal with Sri Lanka for 50,000 tonnes of rice
by May
http://www.elevenmyanmar.com/business/7918
Nagpur Foodgrain Prices Open-February 17
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Nagpur Foodgrain Prices – APMC/Open Market-February 17
Nagpur, Feb 17 (Reuters) – Gram and tuar prices moved down in Nagpur Agriculture Producing and
Marketing Committee (APMC) auctions on lack of demand from local millers amid good supply from
producing regions. High moisture content arrival and easy condition in Madhya Pradesh pulses
also affected prices, according to sources.
FOODGRAINS & PULSES
GRAM
* Desi gram reported higher in open market on good seasonal demand from local traders.
TUAR
* Tuar Karnataka showed weak tendency in open market on increased supply from
producing belts.
* Batri dal and Lakhodi dal recovered in open market of good seasonal demand from
local traders.
* Moong Chamki firmed up in open market on good buying support from
local traders amid weak arrival from producing regions.
* In Akola, Tuar New – 4,400-4,500, Tuar dal (clean) – 7,000-7,300, Udid -
6,400-6,800, Udid Mogar (clean) – 9,000-9,500, Moong Mogar (clean) 6,700-7,100,
Gram – 5,300-5,350, Gram Super best bold – 7,500-7,900 for 100 kg.
* Wheat, rice and other commodities moved in a narrow range in scattered deals,
settled at last levels in thin trading activity.
Nagpur foodgrains APMC auction/open-market prices in rupees for 100 kg
FOODGRAINS Available prices Previous close
Gram Auction 4,600-5,080 4,750-5,240
Gram Pink Auction n.a. 2,100-2,600
Tuar Auction 3,950-5,050 3,950-5,150
Moong Auction n.a. 6,400-6,600
Udid Auction n.a. 4,300-4,500
Masoor Auction n.a. 2,600-2,800
Gram Super Best Bold 7,500-8,000 7,500-8,000
Gram Super Best n.a. n.a.
Gram Medium Best 6,500-7,000 6,500-7,000
Gram Dal Medium n.a. n.a
Gram Mill Quality 5,900-6,200 5,900-6,200
Desi gram Raw 5,300-5,450 5,250-5,450
Gram Yellow 8,000-8,500 8,000-8,500
Gram Kabuli 11,600-12,800 11,600-12,800
Tuar Fataka Best-New 7,200-7,500 7,200-7,500
Tuar Fataka Medium-New 6,400-7,000 6,400-7,000
Tuar Dal Best Phod-New 6,000-6,300 6,000-6,300
Tuar Dal Medium phod-New 5,500-5,900 5,500-5,900
Tuar Gavarani New 4,500-4,700 4,500-4,700
Tuar Karnataka 4,400-4,600 4,500-4,800
Masoor dal best 5,600-6,000 5,600-6,000
Masoor dal medium 5,500-5,700 5,500-5,700
Masoor n.a. n.a.
Moong Mogar bold (New) 6,900-7,200 6,900-7,200
Moong Mogar Medium 6,200-6,600 6,200-6,600
Moong dal Chilka 5,900-6,500 5,900-6,500
Moong Mill quality n.a. n.a.
Moong Chamki best 6,500-6,900 6,400-6,800
Udid Mogar best (100 INR/KG) (New) 9,500-9,900 9,500-9,900
Udid Mogar Medium (100 INR/KG) 7,800-8,500 7,800-8,500
Udid Dal Black (100 INR/KG) 5,100-5,400 5,100-5,400
Batri dal (100 INR/KG) 5,400-5,800 5,400-5,800
Lakhodi dal (100 INR/kg) 3,700-3,900 3,700-3,900
Watana Dal (100 INR/KG) 3,000-3,100 3,000-3,100
Watana White (100 INR/KG) 3,200-3,400 3,200-3,400
Watana Green Best (100 INR/KG) 3,800-4,300 3,800-4,300
Wheat 308 (100 INR/KG) 2,000-2,100 2,000-2,100
Wheat Mill quality (100 INR/KG) 2,100-2,200 2,100-2,200
Wheat Filter (100 INR/KG) 2,100-2,300 2,100-2,300
Wheat Lokwan best (100 INR/KG) 2,500-2,700 2,500-2,700
Wheat Lokwan medium (100 INR/KG) 2,200-2,500 2,200-2,500
Lokwan Hath Binar (100 INR/KG) n.a. n.a.
MP Sharbati Best (100 INR/KG) 3,600-4,200 3,600-4,200
MP Sharbati Medium (100 INR/KG) 2,700-3,200 2,700-3,200
Rice BPT best New(100 INR/KG) 2,700-3,200 2,700-3,200
Rice BPT medium (100 INR/KG) 2,200-2,400 2,200-2,400
Rice Luchai (100 INR/KG) 2,200-2,500 2,200-2,500
Rice Swarna best (100 INR/KG) 2,600-2,800 2,500-2,700
Rice Swarna medium (100 INR/KG) 2,400-2,500 2,300-2,400
Rice HMT best New (100 INR/KG) 3,500-4,000 3,500-4,000
Rice HMT medium (100 INR/KG) 2,900-3,100 2,900-3,100
Rice Shriram best New(100 INR/KG) 4,600-4,800 4,600-4,800
Rice Shriram med New(100 INR/KG) 4,200-4,400 4,200-4,400
Rice Basmati best (100 INR/KG) 9,000-13,000 9,000-13,000
Rice Basmati Medium (100 INR/KG) 4,800-6,000 4,800-6,000
Rice Chinnor best New(100 INR/KG) 4,700-5,000 4,700-5,000
Rice Chinnor med. New (100 INR/KG) 4,400-4,600 4,400-4,600
Jowar Gavarani (100 INR/KG) 2,000-2,300 2,000-2,300
Jowar CH-5 (100 INR/KG) 1,900-2,000 1,900-2,000
WEATHER (NAGPUR)
Maximum temp. 32.8 degree Celsius, minimum temp. 13.5 degree Celsius
Rainfall : Nil
FORECAST: Mainly clear sky. Maximum and minimum temperature would be around and 34 and 15 degree
Celsius respectively.
Note: n.a.--not available
(For oils, transport costs are excluded from plant delivery prices, but
included in market prices)
