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Friday, July 24, 2020
Rice News 11-15 Jan 2019, August 2019
12-16 August ,2020 Rice News
Mindful Chef's healthy recipe of the week:
nori wrapped salmon, ginger & spring onion rice
Each week, Myles and
Giles, founders of healthy recipe box delivery service Mindful Chef, will be
sharing an easy mid-week supper recipe exclusively for the Evening Standard
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We wrap
our delicious sustainably sourced salmon in nori seaweed and bake it in the
oven to intensify the flavour.
Served on
a bed of fragrant ginger and spring onion rice with fresh sesame seeds,
cucumber, grated carrot and a drizzle of tamari.
Recipe
for two people, halve the ingredients for one person
503
calories • 47g carbs • 20g fat • 38g protein
Ingredients
1 baby
cucumber
200g
carrot
250g
steamed brown basmati rice
2 spring
onions
2 tbsp
tamari
2 tsp oil
2 tsp
white sesame seeds
2 x 150g
salmon fillet (skin off)
2 x nori
sheets
4cm fresh
ginger
Method
1. Preheat the oven to 200C / gas mark 6.
2. To
assemble the nori wrapped salmon; put the nori sheet on a flat surface, place
the salmon fillet to one edge of the nori sheet, dampen your finger with a
little cold water and lightly rub over the nori sheet to soften, roll up the
salmon fillet (to resemble a sausage shape) then run a wet finger along one
edge of the nori sheet to seal it.
How to make steak
with heritage tomato salad & salsa verde
Tuck the loose
ends underneath and place on a baking tray lined with parchment paper. Place in
the oven for 12-13 mins until cooked through.
3. Peel
and finely chop or grate the ginger. Thinly slice the spring onion. Heat a
frying pan with 2 tsp oil on a medium heat then add the ginger and spring onion
and cook for 1-2 mins, stirring occasionally. Add 1 tbsp cold water and the
rice to the pan and cook for 5 mins until piping hot.
4. Peel
and grate the carrot, leave to one side.
5. Dice
the baby cucumber into small cubes then place into a bowl with half of the
sesame seeds.
6. Spoon
the rice into two warm bowls. Slice the salmon and place over the rice, then
place the sesame cucumber and grated carrot alongside. Sprinkle the remaining
sesame seeds over the carrot. Place the tamari in a small ramekin as a dipping
sauce or, alternatively, pour over the entire dish.
Plant protection: The next blockbuster
basmati
Breeding for resistance,
rather than spraying pesticides, is the way ahead to secure a $ 5-billion
export industry.
Written by Anju Agnihotri Chaba, Harish Damodaran |Jalandhar, New Delhi |Updated: August 15, 2019 4:25:59 am
·
·
·
·
RELATED NEWS
Farmer Davinder Singh at his
basmati field in Tarn Taran district of Punjab. (Express photo by Anju
Agnihotri Chaba)
Onkar Singh has been cultivating
Pusa-1121 — the basmati variety that, till recently, accounted for nearly
three-fourths of India’s exports of the aromatic rice ($ 4.71 billion in
2018-19) — since 2008.
This year, the 53-year-old from
Majitha village in the same tehsil of Amritsar district, has slashed his
Pusa-1121 acreage to two acres, from 10 acres in 2018. Simultaneously, his area
under Pusa-1718, a new improved basmati bred by the Indian Agricultural
Research Institute (IARI) in New Delhi, has expanded five-fold to 10 acres.
“Pusa-1718 is essentially
Pusa-1121, which they (scientists) have made more disease-resistant. You don’t
need to spray any pesticides now. I tried it out first last year and got an
average paddy yield of 23 quintals per acre, against 18-20 quintals from
Pusa-1121. Also, the crop tillered better (more side stems produced from the
initial parent shoot),” says Onkar, who grows the short-duration Pusa-1509
basmati variety on the remaining 33 acres of his total 45-acre holding.
Onkar Singh farms only basmati
paddy, which has no assured government procurement at minimum support prices
(MSP). “Pusa-1509 matures in just 115-120 days, from the date of nursery sowing
to harvesting. I can transplant it from June 10 to June 25 and harvest between
mid-September and early-October. It gives the flexibility, then, to plant matar
(pea) in September and potato in October for harvesting by
late-November/early-December. There is time to sow wheat, winter maize or
ajwain (celery) even after that,” he explains.
Source: APEDA, Ministry of
Commerce.
Pusa-1121 is a longer-duration
basmati (140-145 days, seed to grain), mostly transplanted during June 10 to
July-end for harvesting towards October-end and mid-November. It leaves scope
only to sow wheat. “Yields, too, are lower than the 24-28 quintal/acre from
Pusa-1509. The only advantage is price. Last year, I got Rs 3,600-4,000 per
quintal for Pusa-1121, whereas Pusa-1509 paddy fetched Rs 2,600-3,000,” he
adds.
This is where the new variety
could make a difference.
“Pusa-1121 was susceptible to
bacterial blight. We have basically made it resistant to the pathogen by
introducing two genes Xa21 and xa13, derived from a wild rice species (Oryza
longistaminata) and a traditional land race (BJ1), respectively. The resultant
variety (Pusa-1718) also possesses a non-lodging habit from a strong culm
(stem). It is, hence, less prone to falling and can withstand heavy rain or
water-logging better than Pusa-1121,” A.K. Singh, head of IARI’s Division of
Genetics, tells The Indian Express.
Davinder Singh (30), of Khabba
Rajputan village in Tarn Taran district and tehsil, agrees. This farmer has
dedicated 20 acres to Pusa-1718 in the current season, from last year’s two
acres, while halving it from 40 acres to 20 acres for Pusa-1121.
BEST OF EXPRESS
“I did it after seeing how the
new variety stood tall, despite being submerged under water for a week after
incessant rains in September 22-24. And my yield was 27 quintals/acre, compared
to 18-19 quintals of Pusa-1121,” states Davinder, whose total 150-acre holding
also includes 50 acres each under Pusa-1509 and non-basmati paddy varieties,
and 10 acres of other crops (maize, vegetables and pulses).
Onkar and Davinder Singh are both
bullish on Pusa-1718, which also matures 10 days earlier than Pusa-1121. “The
traders are paying Rs 200-300/quintal lower for the new variety, just as they
once tried to beat down the price of Pusa-1509. But the grain quality of Pusa-1121
and Pusa-1718 is just the same,” claims Onkar.
According to Davinder, the
economics of basmati cultivation today is superior to non-basmati. A yield of
25 quintals/acre from Pusa-1509 and Pusa-1718, at an average Rs 3,000/quintal
rate, gives more return than from non-basmati varieties even at a guaranteed
MSP of Rs 1,835/quintal on 34-35 quintals/acre. Progressive farmers like him
are able to harvest high yields through practices such as incorporating crop
stubble into the soil (rather than burning) and applying farm yard manure, in
addition to granular sulphur and other secondary nutrients.
Talwinder Singh of Nauli village
in Jalandhar district/tehsil is growing Pusa-1718 on three of his nine acres
this time. Amarjit Singh from Viram in Amritsar’s Majitha tehsil has, likewise,
halved his Pusa-1121 area to five acres, while planting Pusa-1718 on five and
Pusa-1509 on his balance 18 acres. Both have cited the same reasons — better
disease resistance, less lodging-prone and more tillering ability.
MORE EXPLAINED
Farmers in Punjab have sown a
total basmati area of 6.29 lakh hectares (lh) this kharif season, 1.92 lh more
than last year, while bringing it down under non-basmati varieties from 26.66
lh to 22.91 lh. They have also stepped up cotton acreage from 2.67 lh to 3.91
lh. The reduced non-basmati area would mean less pressure on government
procurement agencies. Within basmati, a significant switch from Pusa-1121 to
Pusa-1718 has taken place. G.S. Bal, chief agricultural officer of Amritsar,
estimates the new variety to cover 30-35% of the district’s basmati area of
1.39 lh this time.
Increased planting, of course,
comes with price risk. Farmer realisations have been good in the last couple of
years due to a rebound in basmati exports (see table). The value of shipments
have marginally slipped during April-June ($ 1,255 million versus $ 1,285
million in the same quarter of 2018-19), with the payment problems in Iran
adding to the uncertainty.
One way to protect the country’s
export interests is by preserving basmati’s premium quality attributes — aroma,
long kernel length, linear elongation on cooking and fluffiness — and
minimising use of chemical pesticides. The Punjab government, last month,
issued an advisory to farmers not to spray formulations of five insecticides
(acephate, thiamethoxam, triazophos, buprofezin and carbofuran) and four
fungicides (tricyclazole, thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim and propiconazole).
An alternative approach to
pesticide application is to “breed for disease resistance”. This is what IARI
scientists have sought to do through transfer of specific disease-resistance
genes, from landrace cultivars and wild relatives of paddy, into existing
high-yielding basmati varieties. Pusa-1718 is a result of such marker-assisted
backcross breeding, which helps avoid use of streptomycin or tetracycline
combinations to control bacterial blight.
A similar variety Pusa-1637 has
been bred by incorporating a ‘Pi9’ gene, sourced from Oryza minuta (a wild
relative of the normal cultivated Oryza sativa paddy), into the popular Pusa
Basmati-1. This gene provides high-to-moderate resistance against leaf and neck
blast, obviating the need to spray fungicides such as tricyclazole,
azoxystrobin and picoxystrobin.
Vijay Setia, president of the All
India Rice Exporters Association, feels Pusa-1718 is a “good variety”. But he
emphasises that farmers should not put all their eggs in a single variety,
while advocating tough action against companies aggressively marketing
pesticides. So long as an insect’s population is below the “economic threshold
level” — at which the value of the crop destroyed exceeds the cost of
controlling the pest — there is no need to spray at all, he points out
https://indianexpress.com/article/india/plant-protection-the-next-blockbuster-basmati-crop-5906430/
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IS JAMMU AND
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STATES
Millers
to supply rice at reduced price to TTD
TIRUMALA, AUGUST 18, 2019 00:53 IST
UPDATED: AUGUST 18, 2019 00:53 IST
SHARE ARTICLE
Move
will help the administration save ₹60 lakh in three months
Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD) Special Officer A.V. Dharma
Reddy managed to prevail upon rice millers to supply fine quality of rice to
the temple at a reduced price.
At a meeting with leaders of several rice miller associations on
Saturday, Mr. Dharma Reddy successfully persuaded them to supply rice at ₹37
per kg, as against the existing price of ₹38, for a period of three months.
The reduction in price of ₹1 per kg of rice is expected to help
the TTD save an amount of about ₹60 lakh in the three-month period.
The rice supplied by the millers is used by TTD in the making of
anna prasadams at the hill temple as well as in the cooking of free meals under
its Nitya Annadanam scheme. About 1,60,000 pilgrims are fed under the scheme,
for which the monthly requirement of rice is 750 tonnes.
This apart, about six to eight tonnes of vegetables are required
by TTD to meet its daily requirements in the Annadanam scheme.
Detailing the merits of the scheme, Mr. Dharma Reddy urged the
millers to supply some quantity of rice free of cost to which they readily
agreed and assured him a supply of 275 quintals of rice as a goodwill gesture.
Goodwill
gesture
Chairman and General Secretary of All India Rice Millers Association
Gummadi Venkateswara Rao and Mohan Rao said that they would discuss the issue
of supplying some free rice to TTD on a regular basis with the leaders of
various district associations and contribute their bit for the flourishing of
the Nitya Annadanam scheme.
He later held a meeting with potu workers at the Vaibhavotsava
mandapam and assured to resolve their problems in a phased manner.
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12 August 2019 Last Updated at 11:56 am | Source:
IANS
Erosion of Doon Valley''s pride: Basmati rice
Erosion of Doon Valley''s
pride: Basmati rice
Dehradun, Aug 12 (/ 101Reporters)
Rice trader Ummed Bora, a resident of Dudhli Ghat in Uttarakhand here, has just
started sowing seeds for the Kasturi rice crop, an aromatic variety of rice.
While there was hardly any rain during June, steady rainfall in the second week
of July has given respite to the farmers in the region.
July is when seeds of Kharif
crops are sowed. Bora has also planted a Type-3 paddy crop, which is popularly
known as Basmati rice. Known for its aroma, Doon Basmati is slowly losing its
place in markets all over the world owing to the increasing urbanisation,
pollution and lack of support from the government.
Vinod Bora, a resident of
Dehradun, claimed that at one point the fragrance of the crop used to envelop
the whole area. When Basmati rice would be prepared, the aroma would reach the
adjoining houses as well, he reminiscenced.
While Basmati is still being
grown in the area, he mentioned, the area under cultivation and the income
generated from the crop have shrunk.
Even other types of Basmati rice
-- Haridwar-Saharanpur -- is sold as Doon Basmati rice, he claimed.
Whether it is Dudhli Ghat or
Majra, the vast farms growing Basmati rice have transformed into residential
complexes and flats. Bora claimed that farmers don''t get proper compensation
for their crops, but they get good prices for the land.
The farmers are attracted by the
profits the selling of their land garners, asserted Ummed. He said that after
selling their land, they move to the towns for a job or child''s education,
leaving their farms behind.
In 2017, Bora revealed that he
used to export a consignment of Basmati rice worth Rs 1.5 crore to Germany. The
next year it came down to Rs 50 lakh. The expected yield this year is only Rs
20-22 lakh.
Chaman Lal, a farmer, said the
Basmati rice crop is very fragile and cannot withstand heavy winds. Rains are
always playing havoc and it rains at a time when it affects the crop, he
claimed.
He also blamed the Suswa river
for the low yield. There used to be a time when the water from the river could
be consumed without giving it much thought, but now it is unfit for
consumption, even for animals, he added.
As a testament to the rising
pollution, he informed, the water has also turned black and is being circulated
to the farms in Dudhli Ghat through canals for irrigation. The water brings garbage
and medical waste to the farms, resulting in the low yield.
The contaminated water from Suswa
river has affected the aroma, for which it used to be famous, stated Surya
Prakash, another farmer. "The river whose water we used to drink out of
our cupped hands has turned into sewer.
"Nature has changed, the
weather has changed, rain patterns have changed and thus, the scent of the Doon
Basmati has also vanished," he said.
S.S. Rasaily, Member Secretary of
the Uttarakhand Biodiversity Board, informed that a study has been sanctioned
to find the reasons behind the decreasing yield of Doon Basmati rice and the
report was expected within a few months.
He informed that there was no
provision for the storage of Basmati rice seeds and farmers take turns for storage
and preparation of the seeds. While this ensures quality control, there is no
way for someone to procure the seeds from the market, he stated.
Rasaily said there is no record
of how much the yield was 10 years ago, and thus there is no way to find out
how much it has declined. He said even the Agriculture Department has no record
of the trade.
The Biodiversity Board member
even alleged that the Agriculture Department has not been taking any step to
save the Doon Basmati.
Vinod Bhatt, a member of Navdanya
-- an NGO focusing on agricultural issues -- and part of the study by
Uttarakhand Biodiversity Board, said the area where the Basmati rice was being
grown has reduced considerably in the last two decades.
Bhatt said the yield of varieties
like Kasturi, Pusa, Basmati 1, Pant 4 has also dropped.
In addition, he said, rising
temperature, declining fertility of the soil, shortage of water for irrigation,
change in rain patterns and usage of chemical fertilizers have affected the
taste and production of Doon Basmati.
At one point, the air around
Dudhli Ghat and Majar used to be heavy with the fragrance of Basmati that
rivalled sandalwood or flowers.
Doon Basmati, which had created a
space for itself in the international market, is disappearing from the farms.
Urbanisation, lack of awareness, water pollution and lack of support from the
government has taken the crop to the verge of losing its place from plates
across the globe.
--
Vietnam struggles to find new
buyers as Chinese demand dwindles
FRI, AUG 16, 2019 - 9:57 AM
Export prices of
rice from Vietnam fell this week as the country struggled to find new buyers
amid waning demand from China, while a drought continued to squeeze supply in
Thailand and a weak rupee weighed on rates for the Indian variety.
PHOTO: REUTERS
[BENGALURU] Export prices of rice from Vietnam fell this week as
the country struggled to find new buyers amid waning demand from China, while a
drought continued to squeeze supply in Thailand and a weak rupee weighed on
rates for the Indian variety.
Prices for Vietnam's 5 per cent broken rice fell to US$335-345 a
tonne on Thursday from US$340-350 last week.
"Vietnam is struggling to find new markets to compensate
for the sharp decline in shipments to China," a trader based in Ho Chi
Minh City said.
Exports to China in the first seven months of this year fell
65.7 per cent from the corresponding period last year, to 318,100 tonnes,
Vietnamese customs data showed.
"We heard from Chinese importers that China's demand for
rice remains high but the importers cannot buy from Vietnam because of new
technical barriers the Chinese government has imposed," the trader said.
SEE ALSO: Vietnam demands
Chinese ship leaves its exclusive economic zone
Vietnam's Ministry and Industry and Trade said on Wednesday it
would organise several trade promotion trips this year to boost rice exports.
Meanwhile, Thailand's benchmark 5 per cent broken rice prices
narrowed to US$415-425 a tonne on Thursday from US$406-425 last week, with
traders attributing the relatively high prices to concerns over supply as the
country grapples with its worst drought in a decade.
"Domestic prices are up due to fears over possible shortage
of rice because of the drought," a Bangkok based trader said.
AFRICAN MARKET ACTIVE
Demand, however, remained relatively flat and the strong baht -
Asia's best performing currency this year - has kept Thai prices higher than those
of other Asian hubs.
"It's hard to find new buyers as the price will likely
increase going forward due to the foreign exchange as well as domestic supply
situation," another trader said.
Top exporter India saw prices of its 5 per cent broken parboiled
variety ease to about US$374-377 per tonne from last week's US$377-381.
"Africa market is again active now," said Nitin Gupta,
vice president for Olam India's rice business.
"Due to the currency depreciation in the last couple of
days, prices have corrected."
India's rice exports in April-June dived 28.2 per cent from a
year ago to 2.35 million tonnes, a government body said on Monday, due to
subdued demand for non-basmati rice from Africa.
In neighbouring Bangladesh, traders demanded cash incentives for
rice exports as the country has been unable to secure any deals since a
long-standing ban was lifted in May.
"At present, we're not in a position to compete with India
or Thailand for parboiled rice. It's almost impossible to export any rice
unless the government provides at least 20 per cent cash subsidy on
exports," a Dhaka-based trader said.
REUTERS
Mishtann Foods Reports 22.1% Increase in Q1FY2020 PAT at INR 3.14 Crore
NEWS PROVIDED BY
14 Aug, 2019, 17:56 IST
SHARE THIS ARTICLE
AHMEDABAD, India, Aug. 14, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Mishtann Foods Limited
(MFL), one of the leading agro-product companies with primary focus on Basmati
rice, has announced its unaudited financial results for the first quarter of FY
2020 ended on June 30, 2019.
For Q1 FY2020, MFL reported total revenue of INR 125.93 crore, as against total revenue of INR 130.00 crore reported in Q1 of FY2019 and INR 123.66 crore reported in Q4 FY2019. The company's
net profit for Q1 FY 2020 at INR 3.14 crore was
up by 22.1% y-o-y.
Ahmedabad-based, MFL is one of the fastest growing branded Basmati rice
companies with strong established relationships with farmers, suppliers and
customers. During Q1FY20, Basmati rice contributed 95.74% to the total revenue,
followed by wheat and pulses contributing 2.29% and 1.97% respectively. MFL's
Basmati rice sales volume stood at 14624 MT as against volume of 14704 MT
achieved in Q1 FY19. The sales realisation for Basmati rice for Q1 FY20 was INR
82.43 per kg as against INR 88 per kg in Q1 FY 2019. The sales realisation for
wheat for Q1 FY 2020 was INR 20.27 per kg as against INR 21.24 per kg in Q1 FY
2019. The sales realisation for pulses for Q1 FY 2020 was INR 48.78 per kg as
against INR 65.27 per kg in Q1 FY 2019. The overall sales realisation for Q1 FY
2020 was INR 76.05 per kg as against INR 87.73 per kg in Q1 FY 2019.
Commenting on the financial performance, Mr. Hitesh Patel, Managing Director, Mishtann Foods Limited said,
"We are happy to report robust profitability growth for Q1 FY20. We
continue to focus on transforming our business, emerging as a growing global
branded rice company. We are now pursuing strategies that involve greater
differentiation and allow us to create sustainable value for all our
stakeholders."
About Mishtann Foods Limited:
Mishtann Foods (BSE: 539594) is India's leading
agro-product company with primary focus on Mishtann brand of Basmati rice. The
company also has presence in wheat and pulses segment. MFL's 100,000 metric tonne
per annum rice processing facility is strategically located at Himatnagar in
Gujarat, in a close proximity to port giving the company cost advantage for the
export market. Mishtann's wider portfolio of Basmati rice includes Raw,
Sella and Steam that cater to wider customer segment in wholesale as well as
retail. For more information, please visit www.mishtann.com
DISCLAIMER:
Bank loans rose 12% YoY in
two weeks to Aug 2: RBI
Bank deposits rose 939.60 billion
rupees to 127.45 trillion rupees in the two weeks ended Aug 2.
Reuters|
Aug 16, 2019, 08.03 PM IST
0Comments
Getty Images
BENGALURU: Indian banks' loans rose 12.2% in the two weeks
ended Aug 2 from a year earlier, while deposits jumped 10.1%, the Reserve Bank
of India's weekly statistical supplement showed on Friday.
Outstanding loans rose 711.3 billion rupees to 97.30 trillion rupees ($1.37
trillion) in the two weeks ended Aug 2.
Non-food
credit surged 743.9
billion rupees to 96.67 trillion rupees, while food credit fell 32.50 billion
rupees to 627.50 billion rupees.
Bank
deposits rose 939.60
billion rupees to 127.45 trillion rupees in the two weeks ended Aug 2.
Plant protection: The next blockbuster basmati
Breeding
for resistance, rather than spraying pesticides, is the way ahead to secure a $
5-billion export industry.
Written by Anju Agnihotri Chaba, Harish Damodaran |Jalandhar, New Delhi |Updated: August 15, 2019 4:25:59 am
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RELATED NEWS
Farmer Davinder Singh at his
basmati field in Tarn Taran district of Punjab. (Express photo by Anju
Agnihotri Chaba)
Onkar
Singh has been cultivating Pusa-1121 — the basmati variety that, till recently,
accounted for nearly three-fourths of India’s exports of the aromatic rice ($
4.71 billion in 2018-19) — since 2008.
This year,
the 53-year-old from Majitha village in the same tehsil of Amritsar district,
has slashed his Pusa-1121 acreage to two acres, from 10 acres in 2018.
Simultaneously, his area under Pusa-1718, a new improved basmati bred by the
Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) in New Delhi, has expanded
five-fold to 10 acres.
“Pusa-1718
is essentially Pusa-1121, which they (scientists) have made more
disease-resistant. You don’t need to spray any pesticides now. I tried it out
first last year and got an average paddy yield of 23 quintals per acre, against
18-20 quintals from Pusa-1121. Also, the crop tillered better (more side stems
produced from the initial parent shoot),” says Onkar, who grows the
short-duration Pusa-1509 basmati variety on the remaining 33 acres of his total
45-acre holding.
Onkar
Singh farms only basmati paddy, which has no assured government procurement at
minimum support prices (MSP). “Pusa-1509 matures in just 115-120 days, from the
date of nursery sowing to harvesting. I can transplant it from June 10 to June
25 and harvest between mid-September and early-October. It gives the
flexibility, then, to plant matar (pea) in September and potato in October for
harvesting by late-November/early-December. There is time to sow wheat, winter
maize or ajwain (celery) even after that,” he explains.
Source: APEDA, Ministry of
Commerce.
Pusa-1121
is a longer-duration basmati (140-145 days, seed to grain), mostly transplanted
during June 10 to July-end for harvesting towards October-end and mid-November.
It leaves scope only to sow wheat. “Yields, too, are lower than the 24-28
quintal/acre from Pusa-1509. The only advantage is price. Last year, I got Rs
3,600-4,000 per quintal for Pusa-1121, whereas Pusa-1509 paddy fetched Rs
2,600-3,000,” he adds.
This is
where the new variety could make a difference.
“Pusa-1121
was susceptible to bacterial blight. We have basically made it resistant to the
pathogen by introducing two genes Xa21 and xa13, derived from a wild rice
species (Oryza longistaminata) and a traditional land race (BJ1), respectively.
The resultant variety (Pusa-1718) also possesses a non-lodging habit from a
strong culm (stem). It is, hence, less prone to falling and can withstand heavy
rain or water-logging better than Pusa-1121,” A.K. Singh, head of IARI’s
Division of Genetics, tells The Indian Express.
Davinder
Singh (30), of Khabba Rajputan village in Tarn Taran district and tehsil,
agrees. This farmer has dedicated 20 acres to Pusa-1718 in the current season,
from last year’s two acres, while halving it from 40 acres to 20 acres for
Pusa-1121.
BEST OF EXPRESS
“I did it
after seeing how the new variety stood tall, despite being submerged under
water for a week after incessant rains in September 22-24. And my yield was 27
quintals/acre, compared to 18-19 quintals of Pusa-1121,” states Davinder, whose
total 150-acre holding also includes 50 acres each under Pusa-1509 and
non-basmati paddy varieties, and 10 acres of other crops (maize, vegetables and
pulses).
Onkar and
Davinder Singh are both bullish on Pusa-1718, which also matures 10 days
earlier than Pusa-1121. “The traders are paying Rs 200-300/quintal lower for
the new variety, just as they once tried to beat down the price of Pusa-1509.
But the grain quality of Pusa-1121 and Pusa-1718 is just the same,” claims Onkar.
According
to Davinder, the economics of basmati cultivation today is superior to
non-basmati. A yield of 25 quintals/acre from Pusa-1509 and Pusa-1718, at an
average Rs 3,000/quintal rate, gives more return than from non-basmati
varieties even at a guaranteed MSP of Rs 1,835/quintal on 34-35 quintals/acre.
Progressive farmers like him are able to harvest high yields through practices
such as incorporating crop stubble into the soil (rather than burning) and
applying farm yard manure, in addition to granular sulphur and other secondary
nutrients.
Talwinder
Singh of Nauli village in Jalandhar district/tehsil is growing Pusa-1718 on
three of his nine acres this time. Amarjit Singh from Viram in Amritsar’s
Majitha tehsil has, likewise, halved his Pusa-1121 area to five acres, while
planting Pusa-1718 on five and Pusa-1509 on his balance 18 acres. Both have
cited the same reasons — better disease resistance, less lodging-prone and more
tillering ability.
MORE EXPLAINED
Farmers in
Punjab have sown a total basmati area of 6.29 lakh hectares (lh) this kharif
season, 1.92 lh more than last year, while bringing it down under non-basmati
varieties from 26.66 lh to 22.91 lh. They have also stepped up cotton acreage
from 2.67 lh to 3.91 lh. The reduced non-basmati area would mean less pressure
on government procurement agencies. Within basmati, a significant switch from
Pusa-1121 to Pusa-1718 has taken place. G.S. Bal, chief agricultural officer of
Amritsar, estimates the new variety to cover 30-35% of the district’s basmati
area of 1.39 lh this time.
Increased
planting, of course, comes with price risk. Farmer realisations have been good
in the last couple of years due to a rebound in basmati exports (see table).
The value of shipments have marginally slipped during April-June ($ 1,255
million versus $ 1,285 million in the same quarter of 2018-19), with the
payment problems in Iran adding to the uncertainty.
One way to
protect the country’s export interests is by preserving basmati’s premium quality
attributes — aroma, long kernel length, linear elongation on cooking and
fluffiness — and minimising use of chemical pesticides. The Punjab government,
last month, issued an advisory to farmers not to spray formulations of five
insecticides (acephate, thiamethoxam, triazophos, buprofezin and carbofuran)
and four fungicides (tricyclazole, thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim and
propiconazole).
An
alternative approach to pesticide application is to “breed for disease
resistance”. This is what IARI scientists have sought to do through transfer of
specific disease-resistance genes, from landrace cultivars and wild relatives
of paddy, into existing high-yielding basmati varieties. Pusa-1718 is a result
of such marker-assisted backcross breeding, which helps avoid use of
streptomycin or tetracycline combinations to control bacterial blight.
A similar
variety Pusa-1637 has been bred by incorporating a ‘Pi9’ gene, sourced from
Oryza minuta (a wild relative of the normal cultivated Oryza sativa paddy),
into the popular Pusa Basmati-1. This gene provides high-to-moderate resistance
against leaf and neck blast, obviating the need to spray fungicides such as
tricyclazole, azoxystrobin and picoxystrobin.
Vijay
Setia, president of the All India Rice Exporters Association, feels Pusa-1718
is a “good variety”. But he emphasises that farmers should not put all their
eggs in a single variety, while advocating tough action against companies
aggressively marketing pesticides. So long as an insect’s population is below
the “economic threshold level” — at which the value of the crop destroyed
exceeds the cost of controlling the pest — there is no need to spray at all, he
points out.
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Business News of Thursday, 15 August 2019
Source: www.ghanaweb.com
Dealing with food fraud: UCC School of Agric develops technology
to detect fake rice
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The
school of Agriculture at the University of Cape Coast has developed a
technology that detects fake rice that is sold on the market.
The technology will among other things deal with fraud that is perpetrated in
the production and sale of rice and also authenticate the integrity of food
across Africa.
The researchers are upbeat the many fraudulent food-related activities that
impede productivity and also have consequential effect on the health of
consumers would be put in check courtesy the technology.
The university achieved this feat with the support of the Queen’s University in
UK, a pioneer university that researches into food fraud and authenticity.
Lead researcher of the project, Dr. Ernest Teye, revealed after a conference on
food fraud and authenticity at the University of Cape Coast, users of mobile
phones could easily check the authenticity of the rice they are buying or are
in their possession.
“With this technology, it is easier to detect where the rice was produced,
whether the rice is a plastic rice or not. The technology makes it possible for
each and every rice particle to be sampled and scanned,” he explained.
The market, he reveals is flooded with many substandard and low-quality rice
and the technology, he is convinced will help assuage the fears of consumers.
“For instance, you will find Ghana rice packaged as rice from Vietnam and you
could also find
Vietnam rice packaged as Ghana rice. These are done to deceive consumers of
rice. There is also the emergence of plastic rice that caused a scare in the
country few months back. The technology will help deal with them,” he
indicated.
Queen’s University’s Prof. Chris Elliot, a stalwart in food fraud and
authenticity, believes, the technology is a breakthrough not only for Ghana and
Africa but for the world. He is confident the university’s work will help
impact society positively.
“The technology works perfectly and that’s good news for rice consumers and
consumers of other food stuffs as well. It behooves on state agencies to lend
their support to the researchers to make huge impact with this technology,” he
said.
Dean of the school of Agric, Prof. Elvis Asare Bediako is hopeful their
collaboration with the Queen’s University will see to the establishment of
Centre of Excellence for Food Fraud in
Africa.
“The awareness of food fraud is very limited in Ghana and Africa. This has
given many people the opportunity to dupe unsuspecting consumers. The centre
when established will help provide information and make people aware about food
fraud and how to authenticate the food they are buying and the ones in their
possession,” he indicated.
Prof. Asare Bediako says the School of Agric at UCC will liaise with the
relevant state authorities like the Ghana Standards Authority, the Food and
Drugs Authority and other national regulatory bodies that are responsible for
assessing the quality and authenticity of food in the country.
Rice producers and other stakeholders in Agric that took part in the conference
were expressed their excitement about the breakthrough. They believe it will
help sanitize the industry.
Local FCCLA students
take in national trip
By Editor | August 15, 2019 | 0
The
GMR FCCLA students who attended the FCCLA National Leadership Conference in
Anaheim, Calif., held June 30-July 4, pose for a group photo. They are (L-R):
Bella Burkel, Honna Westlund, Morgan Reed, Berlyn Burkel, Chance Christian, and
Elizabeth Gust. Reed Christian, and Gust advanced to this national conference
by virtue of their performances on their individual STAR Event projects at
state.(photo by Mara Gust)
Badger
students Amelia Wilt and Ada Lee pose for a photo at the FCCLA National
Leadership Conference in Anaheim, Calif. These two students earned gold at
nationals for their video presentation about online catfishing. (photo by
Gretchen Lee)
Last month, the first part of the story,
“Local FCCLA students taking in national trip” was featured in The Tribune. The
first part highlighted the Badger FCCLA students who were attending the FCCLA
National Leadership Conference in Anaheim, Calif., and the projects some of
them did to advance to this national conference. Part two of this story
highlights the Greenbush-Middle River (GMR) students who attended the national
conference and the projects some of them did to also advance to this national
stage. At the end, the awards and recognitions both chapters earned at this
event will be provided.
At the Minnesota FCCLA State
Conference, held on March 28-30, GMR FCCLA students Elizabeth Gust and Morgan
Reed found out both had earned their way to the National FCCLA Leadership
Conference in Anaheim, Calif., June 30-July 4. When asked about their reactions
to this discover, they first mentioned how they both reacted upon finding out
another one of their chapter team members had also advanced: Chance Christian.
“We both burst out in tears (when we
heard Chance’s name). We were so happy for him,” Gust said.
They were excited for him, knowing how
much this opportunity meant to him.
“Through the whole season, all he
(Chance) talked about was, ‘Oh, I can’t wait to go to state. I can’t wait to go
to nationals. I can’t wait to do this,’” Reed said. “And I was like, ‘Man, I’m
just trying to get past regionals… He was planning the whole (national) trip
before we were even going to state. So to actually hear his name get called,
Chance is one of the hardest working people on our team. He works the hardest
and he definitely cheers everybody else on.”
“It’s the biggest honor to go there (to
nationals),” Christian said.
As the GMR FCCLA Advisor, Laura Dahl
views her entire chapter’s achievements as even more special, given how much
she has seen them put into their projects.
“I could not be more proud of our
chapter as a whole. The dedication observed, the skills refined, and the
success earned is so rewarding as an advisor,” Dahl said.
Besides the three national advancers,
three other students, Berlyn Burkel, Honna Westlund, and Bella Burkel, also
attended the FCCLA National Leadership Conference.The three students who did
bring their STAR Event projects to the National Conference— Christian, Reed,
and Gust– discussed them.
Competing in the topic area of
“Entrepreneurship”, Christian did his project on the snow cone business he
started during softball and summer baseball games. The first summer he did this
business, he did “fairly well,” reeling in $500.
Participating in the topic area of
“Food Innovations”, Reed did a project inspired by her sister, who has Celiac
Disease, an “immune disease in which people can’t eat gluten because it will
damage their small intestine,” according medlineplus.gov. With this inspiration,
Reed created a gluten-free appetizer product: krispie pops– a small rice
krispie ball on top of a stick. Putting these rice krispie balls on a stick
allows for more decoration and customization, Reed said
“At first I decided to do brownies, but
gluten-free brownies aren’t very good, and I realized I wasn’t an expert at
making them,” Reed said. “And at the time my sister was living in Wyoming, so
she couldn’t really help me, but then she moved back to Minnesota and she
actually was making rice krispies one day, and I was like, ‘Oh my gosh, that’s
such a better idea.’” So we just took it and made it into rice krispie balls.”
She did add a little extra butter to
her rice krispie treats to allow them to stay softer longer. These treats also
have corn syrup in them versus malt syrup due to malt syrup having gluten in
it. Despite the differences, her treats taste very much like the regular rice
krispie bars, Reed explained.
Competing in the topic area of “Career
Investigations”, Gust looks to be a musician and decided to look deeper into
this career. She did research on this career path, including what one has to do
during the high school and college years to reach a career in this field. As
part of this project, she also interviewed her aunt Melanie Moos Wilson, a
musician with a band in the Twin Cities.
Her presentation focused on both the
work to get to a music career and her personal goals.
“To go to a good music conservatory
college would be fun, like Juilliard or something,” Gust said. “But I mean if
that doesn’t work out, there are lots of other colleges with good music
programs, like even BSU (in) Bemidji.”
She also learned of the job opportunities a musician has out there and of a
lesson that future musicians should follow.
“Take what you can get as a musician
because getting jobs is pretty hard,” Gust said. “… You have to kind of stay
true to yourself and keep working at it until you make it.”
Speaking of projects, Dahl talked about
how she encourages her members to choose a project topic they have passion for.
“Once they do that, the research and
putting their presentation (together) comes naturally,” Dahl said. “The success
becomes their own.”
Local FCCLA National Results:
Out of the GMR Chapter, Chance
Christian earned a gold, and Morgan Reed a bronze. Elizabeth Gust didn’t
actually compete at nationals, but is still considered a national advancer. She
would have presented if a finisher above her in her category would have not
have been able to compete for some reason.
Out of the Badger Chapter, Ada Lee and
Amelia Wit earned gold on their video project about online catfishing. Jordan
Davy and Jordan Lee earned silver for their project about promoting and
publicizing FCCLA. Kennedy Truscinski also earned silver for her project,
“Tackle Breast Cancer for Mrs. Lee,” having organized a pink t-shirt fundraiser
for her teacher and advisor Gretchen Lee, who was diagnosed with breast cancer.
Speaking of Gretchen Lee, she earned the Spirit of Advising Award at this
year’s FCCLA National Leadership Conference.
To see the complete story, read the
August 14 issue of The Tribune in print or online. To see part one of this
story, highlighting the Badger FCCLA students who attended nationals, read the
July 3 issue of The Tribune in print or online.
Talking without facts: Tax issue or
government expenditures?
Dr.
Farrukh Saleem discusses in-depth how Pakistan's economic structure is
gradually deteriorating and what are the causes behind it. Is it a decline in
tax collection or the government's uncontrollable spending?
-
August
16, 2019
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Dr. Farrukh Saleem |
In 1958,
Field Marshall Mohammad Ayub Khan wanted to expand the tax net. In 1969, General
Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan wanted to expand the tax net. In 1976, PM
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto tried to expand the tax net. In 1986, General
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq wanted to expand the tax net. In 1997, PM Mian
Muhammad Nawaz Sharif wanted to expand the tax net. In 1999, General
Pervez Musharraf tried to expand the tax net. In 2008, President
Asif Ali Zardari wanted to expand the tax net. In 2016, PM Mian
Muhammad Nawaz Sharif once again tried to expand the tax net.
Why have the
best and the most powerful failed to expand the tax net?
1: According to the Pakistan Bureau of
Statistics (PBS),
there are 101 million women in Pakistan. According to the World Bank, female
labor participation (FLFP)
hovers around 24 percent. Pakistan’s FLFP would mean that 77 million women are
not employed. Surely, unemployed women cannot be expected to pay income tax.
Why have the
best and the most powerful failed to expand the tax net?
2: A few years ago, the Economic
Survey revealed that “if the poverty line is $2 per day in line with
international standards for middle-income countries, then 60.19 percent of the
population fall below poverty line in Pakistan.” Lo and behold, 124 million
Pakistanis earn Rs320 or below per day. Surely, 124 million Pakistanis earning
Rs320 per day or below cannot be expected to pay income tax.
Why have the
best and the most powerful failed to expand the tax net?
3: Last year, the United Nations
Development Program (UNDP), in a report titled ‘Unleashing
the potential of a young Pakistan’, declared: “Pakistan has
the largest percentage of young people ever recorded in its history.” The
Report states: “64 percent of the total population is below the age of 30.” Lo
and behold, 133 million Pakistanis are below the age of 30. How much do 30-year-olds make in
Pakistan? Not much, I reckon. Surely, 133 million
Pakistanis who are under 30 cannot be expected to pay income tax.
Why have the
best and the most powerful failed to expand the tax net?
4: A little more than 4 percent of our
population is 65 or over. That’s 8 million who cannot really be expected to pay
income tax.
Why have the
best and the most powerful failed to expand the tax net?
5: According to the National
Nutritional Survey, nearly 37 percent of us are ‘food insecure’. That’s 77
million Pakistanis who are ‘food insecure’. Can anyone in their right mind
expect to collect income tax for them?
To be certain, there must be a few thousand Pakistanis who are
not paying their fair share of income tax. Get them all and make them pay their
due share of income tax. Yes, the government can probably raise an additional
Rs50 billion. Lo and behold, the budgetary deficit is Rs3,200 billion. Surely,
the issue is not ‘inadequate taxes.’ Surely, the issue is ‘excessive government spending’.
Imagine; current government expenditures have gone up from Rs1.5 trillion in
2008-09 to a whopping Rs7.2 trillion.
Everyone
who should be in the tax net must be brought into the tax net. But, doing this
will not cure our disease. Doing this will not save the Titanic from sinking.
For the record, in 2008-09, taxpayers deposited Rs1.1 trillion
as taxes into the government treasury. By 2018-19, tax revenues had
actually gone up to Rs3.8 trillion; an increase of 336 percent. We really need
to focus on who is filing the treasury and who is emptying it all out.
Yes, the government continues to throw away
a colossal Rs1.1 trillion into Public Sector Enterprises every year. Yes, the
accumulated circular debt now exceeds Rs1.7 trillion. Yes, the
government’s commodity operations have taken on Rs734 billion worth of debt
(provincial food departments and other government procurement agencies
routinely buy wheat and other commodities but are supposed to retire their
debts). Yes,
a good $2 billion worth of natural gas somehow ‘leaks’ out every year (in
Pakistan ‘unaccounted for gas’, a euphemism for ‘stolen gas’ is as high as 20
percent against a global average of under 2 percent). Yes, the
government will be paying around Rs1,000 billion this year in ‘capacity
payments’ to power plants. Do you still think that the problem is inadequate
taxes?
Yes, every government over the past 4
decades has been talking about FBR reforms. Intriguingly, FBR employs some
21,000 employees but around 90 percent of tax revenues get deposited into the
government treasury without any active direction of the FBR.
Did you know that Pakistan only has
1.3 million credit cards? This really is the potential tax pool-no more. Can
anyone show me a country where the government’s current expenditures have gone
up by 500 percent in just 10 years? This year, the government collected Rs3.8
trillion in taxes. Divide that by around 30 million Pakistani households and on
average every household is paying Rs125,000 in taxes.
Read more: PTI forgot Tax lessons they
preached to PML-N
Everyone who should be in the tax net must be brought into the
tax net. But, doing this will not cure our disease. Doing this will not save
the Titanic from sinking. Please focus on who is filing the government
treasury-and who is emptying it out. Once again; the issue is not ‘inadequate
taxes’. Once again, the real issue is ‘excessive government spending’.
A Partial List
of PSEs
1. Pakistan International Airlines
2. Pakistan Steel Mills
3. Pakistan Electric Power Company
4. Pakistan Railways
5. Pakistan Agriculture Storage and Utility Stores Corporation
6. Tomato Paste Plant
7. Roti Corporation of Pakistan
8. Pakistan Stone Development Company
9. Pakistan Hunting and Sporting Arms Development Company
10. National Institute of Oceanography
11. Pakistan Gems & Jewelry Development Company
12. Technology Commercialization Corporation of Pakistan
13. National Industrial Parks Development & Management Company
14. Technology Up-Gradation and Skill Development Company
15. National Productivity Organization
16. Council for Work and Housing Research
17. National Institute of Electronics
18. Pakistan Council for Science and Technology
19. Pakistan Council of Research in Water Technology
20. Centre for Applied & Molecular Biology
21. National Insurance Corporation, Heavy Electrical Complex,
22. Machine Tool Factory, Services International,
23. National Power Construction Company,
24. National Fertilizers Corporation, State Engineering Corporation,
25. National Construction Limited,
26. Pakistan Steel Fabricating Company Limited,
27. Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation,
28. Ghee Corporation of Pakistan, Republic Motors,
29. Pakistan National Shipping Corporation,
30. State Cement Corporation of Pakistan,
31. State Petroleum Refining & Petrochemicals Corporation,
32. Trading Corporation of Pakistan, Cotton Export Corporation of
Pakistan,
33. Rice Export Corporation of Pakistan, Pakistan Industrial
Technical Training Centre and Pakistan Engineering Company
Dr. Farrukh Saleem, an economist, is a prominent public policy
commentator in Pakistan. He has worked extensively with international
development organizations and has been associated with Center for Research
& Security Studies (CRSS). His columns have appeared in The News and The
Dawn and he has been a TV Anchor with 92 News. He did his doctorate from
Western Illinois University, United States.
https://www.globalvillagespace.com/talking-without-facts-tax-issue-or-government-expenditures/
IRRI introduces interactive crop diagnostic tool
Field testing of Rice Doctor at Sundargarh, Odisha. Photo
courtesy of IRRI.
08.15.2019
SUNDARGARH, ODISHA, INDIA — The International Rice Research
Institute (IRRI) is working to decrease crop loss from pest and diseases with
an interactive crop diagnostic tool.
Rice
Doctor is
a tool developed to cater to the needs of the extension and advisory service
providers and farmers as primary users to identify insect pests, diseases,
nutrient deficiencies, toxicities, and agronomy related problems of the crops.
It provides information on these problems as well as recommendations to address
them. It also can be useful for researchers, students and private input
dealers.
IRRI said crop loss is a major threat to farming communities
globally, “In the case of rice, up to 37% of economic losses are caused by
insect pests and disease infestation. Timely and accurate disease and insect
pest diagnosis and management can not only reduce crop losses, but also help
protect the environment.”
IRRI’s Rice Doctor is an information and communication
technology-based tool that enables farmers to make timely decisions for better
pest management. It helps farmers access global knowledge and information to
address their challenges.
Rice Doctor is currently available online and as a mobile app
that can be downloaded free of cost on smartphones and tablets.
A more localized prevalent version of Rice Doctor for the Odisha
region in India is being developed with the help of the local government. The
“Increasing Productivity of Rice-based Cropping Systems and Farmer’s Income in
Odisha” is being used to facilitate the localization of Rice Doctor in Odisha.
It includes user testing and workshops that were conducted with extension
intermediaries, farmers, and plant protection specialists from partner
institutions.
User testing helped assess the efficiency and accuracy of the Rice
Doctor mobile application for mid-season diagnosis and management of insect
pests, diseases, abiotic stresses, and agronomic problems. The content is being
updated to enhance the usability based on the feedback received.
Activities are being undertaken to enhance the capacities of
extension functionaries and farmers to use the tool. Plans also are ongoing to
develop business models for provision of advisories to farmers on pest and
disease management using Rice Doctor, so its use becomes viable and
sustainable.
https://www.world-grain.com/articles/12468-irri-introduces-interactive-crop-diagnostic-tool
Discovery could pave
the way for disease-resistant rice crops
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
IMAGE: PROTEIN CRYSTALS AND A RICE
PANICLE DEPICTED AGAINST A BACKDROP OF RICE GRAINS REPRESENT THE STRUCTURAL
BIOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY ASPECTS OF A STUDY BY VARDEN ET AL., WHICH
UNVEILED... view more
CREDIT: MARINA FRANCESHETTI AND PHIL ROBINSON
Researchers have uncovered an
unusual protein activity in rice that can be exploited to give crops an edge in
the evolutionary arms race against rice blast disease, a major threat to rice
production around the world.
Magnaporthe oryzae, the fungus
that leads to rice blast disease, creates lesions on rice plants that reduce
the yield and quality of grain. The fungus causes a loss of up to a third of
the global rice harvest, roughly enough to feed more than 60 million people each
year.
Various strategies to ward off
the fungus have been employed, but a sustainable approach has not yet been
developed. Cost and environmental concerns have limited the success of toxic
fungicides. And a phenomena called linkage drag, where undesirable genes are
transferred along with desired ones, has made it difficult for breeders to
produce varieties of rice that exhibit improved disease resistance but still
produce grain at a desired rate.
Gene-editing technologies could
eventually be used to precisely insert genes in rice plants, overcoming the
issue of linkage drag, but first, genes that boost rice immunity need to be
identified or engineered.
A team of researchers in Japan
and the U.K. report in the Journal
of Biological Chemistry that a particular rice immune
receptor--from a class of receptors that typically recognize only single
pathogenic proteins--pulls double duty by triggering immune reactions in
response to two separate fungal proteins. The genes that encode this receptor
could become a template for engineering new receptors that can each detect
multiple fungal proteins, and thereby improve disease resistance in rice crops.
Rice blast fungus deploys a
multitude of proteins, known as effectors, inside of rice cells. In response,
rice plants have evolved genes encoding nucleotide binding-leucine-rich repeat
proteins, or NLRs, which are intracellular immune receptors that bait specific
fungal effectors. After an NLR receptor's specific fungal effector binds to the
bait, signaling pathways are initiated that cause cell death.
"(The cells) die in a very
localized area so the rest of the plant is able to survive. It's almost like
sacrificing your finger to save the rest of your body," said Mark
Banfield, professor and group leader at John Innes Centre in Norwich, England,
and senior author of the study.
After learning from previous
work that the fungal effectors AVR-Pia and AVR-Pik have similar structures, the
researchers sought to find out whether any rice NLRs known to bind to one of
these effectors could perhaps also bind to the other, Banfield said.
The scientists introduced
different combinations of rice NLRs and fungal effectors into tobacco (a model
system for studying plant immunity) and also used rice plants to show if any
unusual pairs could come together and elicit immune responses. An
AVR-Pik-binding rice NLR called Pikp triggered cell-death in response to
AVR-Pik as expected, but surprisingly, the experiments showed that plants
expressing this NLR also partially reacted to AVR-Pia.
The authors took a close look at
the unexpected pairing using X-ray crystallography and noticed that the rice
NLR possessed two separate docking sites for AVR-Pia and AVR-Pik.
In its current form, Pikp causes
meager immune reactions after binding AVR-Pia, however, the receptor's DNA
could be modified to improve its affinity for mismatched effectors, Banfield
said.
"If we can find a way to
harness that capability, we could produce a super NLR that's able to bind
multiple pathogen effectors," Banfield said.
As an ultimate endgame,
gene-editing technologies could be used to insert enhanced versions of
NLRs--like Pikp--into plants, Banfield said, which could tip the scale in favor
of rice crops in the face of rice blast disease.
###
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.007730
This work was supported by
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, grant numbers
BB/P012574, BB/M02198X; the ERC (proposal 743165), the John Innes Foundation,
the Gatsby Charitable Foundation and JSPS KAKENHI 15H05779 and 18K05657.
Other authors on this study
include Freya A. Varden, Hiromasa Saitoh, Kae Yoshino, Marina Franceschetti,
Sophien Kamoun and Ryohei Terauchi.
About the Journal of Biological Chemistry
JBC is a weekly peer-reviewed
scientific journal that publishes research "motivated by biology, enabled
by chemistry" across all areas of biochemistry and molecular biology. The
read the latest research in JBC, visit http://www.jbc.org/.
About the American Society for
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
The ASBMB is a nonprofit
scientific and educational organization with more than 11,000 members
worldwide. Most members teach and conduct research at colleges and
universities. Others conduct research in government laboratories, at nonprofit
research institutions and in industry. The Society publishes three journals:
the Journal of
Biological Chemistry, the Journal of Lipid Research, and Molecular
and Cellular Proteomics. For more information about ASBMB, visit http://www.asbmb.org.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-08/asfb-dcp081519.php
Discovery Could Pave the Way for Disease-Resistant Rice Crops
15-Aug-2019 10:00 AM EDT
MEDIA CONTACT
Available
for logged-in reporters only
CITATIONS
BB/P012574;
BB/M02198X; 743165; 15H05779; 18K05657; Journal of Biological Chemistry
TYPE OF ARTICLE
SECTION
CHANNELS
Agriculture, Plants, Chemistry, Food Science, All Journal
News, Grant Funded
News
KEYWORDS
Agriculture, Plant Science, rice, rice agriculture, Rice Blast, Plant Disease, Plant Immunity, Gene Editing, GMO
Download PDF
Newswise
— Researchers have uncovered an unusual protein activity in rice that can be
exploited to give crops an edge in the evolutionary arms race against rice
blast disease, a major threat to rice production around the world.
Magnaporthe
oryzae, the fungus that leads to rice blast disease, creates lesions on rice
plants that reduce the yield and quality of grain. The fungus causes a loss of
up to a third of the global rice harvest, roughly enough to feed more than 60
million people each year.
Various
strategies to ward off the fungus have been employed, but a sustainable
approach has not yet been developed. Cost and environmental concerns have
limited the success of toxic fungicides. And a phenomena called linkage drag,
where undesirable genes are transferred along with desired ones, has made it
difficult for breeders to produce varieties of rice that exhibit improved
disease resistance but still produce grain at a desired rate.
Gene-editing
technologies could eventually be used to precisely insert genes in rice plants,
overcoming the issue of linkage drag, but first, genes that boost rice immunity
need to be identified or engineered.
A team
of researchers in Japan and the U.K. report in the Journal of Biological Chemistry that
a particular rice immune receptor—from a class of receptors that typically
recognize only single pathogenic proteins—pulls double duty by triggering
immune reactions in response to two separate fungal proteins. The genes that
encode this receptor could become a template for engineering new receptors that
can each detect multiple fungal proteins, and thereby improve disease
resistance in rice crops.
Rice
blast fungus deploys a multitude of proteins, known as effectors, inside of
rice cells. In response, rice plants have evolved genes encoding nucleotide
binding–leucine-rich repeat proteins, or NLRs, which are intracellular immune
receptors that bait specific fungal effectors. After an NLR receptor’s specific
fungal effector binds to the bait, signaling pathways are initiated that cause
cell death.
“(The
cells) die in a very localized area so the rest of the plant is able to
survive. It’s almost like sacrificing your finger to save the rest of your
body,” said Mark Banfield, professor and group leader at John Innes Centre in
Norwich, England, and senior author of the study.
After
learning from previous work that the fungal effectors AVR-Pia and AVR-Pik have
similar structures, the researchers sought to find out whether any rice NLRs
known to bind to one of these effectors could perhaps also bind to the other,
Banfield said.
The
scientists introduced different combinations of rice NLRs and fungal effectors
into tobacco (a model system for studying plant immunity) and also used rice
plants to show if any unusual pairs could come together and elicit immune
responses. An AVR-Pik-binding rice NLR called Pikp triggered cell-death in
response to AVR-Pik as expected, but surprisingly, the experiments showed that
plants expressing this NLR also partially reacted to AVR-Pia.
The
authors took a close look at the unexpected pairing using X-ray crystallography
and noticed that the rice NLR possessed two separate docking sites for AVR-Pia
and AVR-Pik.
In its
current form, Pikp causes meager immune reactions after binding AVR-Pia,
however, the receptor’s DNA could be modified to improve its affinity for
mismatched effectors, Banfield said.
“If we
can find a way to harness that capability, we could produce a super NLR that’s
able to bind multiple pathogen effectors,” Banfield said.
As an
ultimate endgame, gene-editing technologies could be used to insert enhanced
versions of NLRs—like Pikp—into plants, Banfield said, which could tip the
scale in favor of rice crops in the face of rice blast disease.
###
DOI:
10.1074/jbc.RA119.007730
This
work was supported by Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council,
grant numbers BB/P012574, BB/M02198X; the ERC (proposal 743165), the John Innes
Foundation, the Gatsby Charitable Foundation and JSPS KAKENHI 15H05779 and
18K05657.
Other
authors on this study include Freya A. Varden, Hiromasa Saitoh, Kae Yoshino,
Marina Franceschetti, Sophien Kamoun and Ryohei Terauchi.
About
the Journal of Biological Chemistry
JBC is
a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes research
"motivated by biology, enabled by chemistry" across all areas of
biochemistry and molecular biology. The read the latest research in JBC,
visit http://www.jbc.org/.
About
the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
The
ASBMB is a nonprofit scientific and educational organization with more than
11,000 members worldwide. Most members teach and conduct research at colleges
and universities. Others conduct research in government laboratories, at
nonprofit research institutions and in industry. The Society publishes three
journals: the Journal of Biological Chemistry, the Journal of Lipid Research,
and Molecular and Cellular Proteomics. For more information about ASBMB,
visit www.asbmb.org.
https://www.newswise.com/articles/discovery-could-pave-the-way-for-disease-resistant-rice-crops2
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Best supplements for cholesterol: This type of
rice could lower ‘bad’ cholesterol
BEST supplements for cholesterol: Having high
cholesterol can lead to serious health complications if left untreated, so what
can you do to lower it? A certain type of rice could help reduce it.
PUBLISHED: 20:35, Thu, Aug 15,
2019 | UPDATED: 20:51, Thu, Aug 15, 2019
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High cholesterol: Nutritionist reveals top prevention
tips
Play Video
High cholesterol can increase the
risk of cardiovascular disease, conditions such as heart disease and stroke.
But there are two types of cholesterol found in the body - HDL which is
considered good, and LDL which is considered bad. HDL cholesterol is essential
in helping the body get rid of excess cholesterol by carrying it from tissues
to the liver. LDL cholesterol carries cholesterol from the liver to the cells
around the body where it’s needed, but too much LDL can lead to fatty deposits
in the arteries.
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supplements for weight loss: Three proven to help burn fat
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supplements for eczema: Taking this vitamin may ease symptoms
Research has proven
taking supplements could help lower cholesterol, and one to consider is red
yeast rice
Experts recommend a number of
lifestyle changes to help lower cholesterol, including stopping smoking, eating
a healthier diet with more fruit and vegetables and less salt, and doing more
exercise.
But alongside these lifestyle
changes, research has proven taking supplements could help lower cholesterol,
and one to consider is red yeast rice.
Red yeast rice is a type of
fermented rice that’s popular in Indonesian cuisine, but is also available as a
supplement.
For many years now red yeast rice
has been used as a natural remedy to help lower cholesterol levels and to
promote heart health.
One study involving
25 people demonstrated how red yeast rice lowered total cholesterol y an
average of 15 per cent and ‘bad’ LDL cholesterol by 21 per cent over a duration
of two months.
An eight-week long study in 79
people showed similar effects.
Best supplements for cholesterol: A certain type
of rice could lower ‘bad’ cholesterol (Image: GETTY)
It found participants
taking 600mg of red yeast rice twice daily had significantly reduced ‘bad’ LDL
cholesterol levels, compared to a control group.
Another review of 21 studies found red yeast rice was effective at reducing levels of
total and ‘bad’ LDL cholesterol, as well as blood pressure, when combined with
statin drugs.
When it comes to how much red
yeast rice you should take, you should always follow the directions on
packaging,
Doses ranging from 200 to 4,800mg
have been studied in clinical trials.
What other supplements could
lower cholesterol?
Chinese scientists complete high-resolution 3D genome map of rice
Source: Xinhua| 2019-08-15
19:32:25|Editor: Li Xia
WUHAN,
Aug. 15 (Xinhua) -- Chinese scientists completed a high-resolution
three-dimensional genome map of rice, which is a breakthrough in the crop's
genetic improvement, according to the research team.
The
team from Huazhong Agricultural University in central China's Hubei Province
aimed to investigate the genome architecture and its effects on the growth of
rice through the map.
The
study will help reveal the genome architecture of rice and promote research on
the genetic improvement of rice and other crops, according to the research
team.
The
study has been published in the international academic journal Nature
Communications.
http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-08/15/c_138311743.htm
JJ Johnson Has Already Changed the Way You Eat. You Just
Didn't Realize It.
The food prophet of Harlem took on the elite food world. Now, he's
taking on Shake Shack and Chipotle.
AUG 15, 2019