12:00 AM, February 04,
2016 / LAST MODIFIED: 12:00 AM, February 04, 2016
Transforming
rice breeding
An alternative approach
to food security
PHOTO: STAR
Rice is more than just a food source to us. It
is part of our culture, an article of trade to reduce hunger, alleviate poverty
and maintain political stability in Bangladesh. Rice covers most of our
land almost thorough out the year. We get the lion's share of our daily calorie
intake from rice.
The country has a satisfactory upward trend in
rice production over the decades. However, with the scientific ingenuity and
farmers toil, a farmer's friendly political intervention after 2009 helped the
country to attain the ability to export modest amount rice. Even the
government included a considerable amount of rice in the relief materials to
Nepal after the devastating tremor last year. Therefore, undoubtedly the
country has attained self sufficiency in rice, a milestone towards food
security, but still away to some extent from the adequacy and accessibility of
safe and nutritious food to everybody in the country through peoples'
affordability—in other words, sustainable food security.
To achieve sustainability in food security is
pretty difficult but not impossible. The highest population density, decreasing
per capita arable land, over exploitation of underground water, climate change,
lack of adequate number of farmers' friendly crop variety etc. are the prime
challenges to achieve the sustainability. Out of those challenges, population
growth and grow more food are the prime concern to the government since 1960s.
Over the years (1950 to 1965), the population of Bangladesh has increased at
the rate of 2.23 million per year. Vis-a-vis rice production has increased over
the same time at the rate of 0.03 million tons per year. Despite a lot of
measurements, the rate of population is still in its upward trend and would
reach around 233 million by 2050. By this time the rice demand for Bangladesh
would be around 40 million tons. These trends of rice production and population
growth might yield severe shock of food shortage by 2050, provided no
significant technology is discovered. It is estimated that shortage of rice at
years 2020, 2030 and 2040 will be 1.68, 6.02, and 7.80, million tons,
respectively. Similarly, the expected shortage by 2050 would be 10.50 million
tons. This prediction is a matter of anxiety to us and the estimation is based
on the per capita per day consumption of 541 gm of rice. But we have another
estimation where per capita rice consumption is considered 470.49 gm per day
(World rice statistics: IRRI). According to this estimation there will be no
shortage of rice up to 2030. However, the country might experience the shortage
of 2.18 million ton in 2040 (just a year ahead of vision 2041, the year when
the country would be a developed one) and 5.69 million ton in 2050. It is
good to know that rice consumption in Bangladesh is in decreasing trend and if
it comes down around 400 gm per person per day, then rice scarcity might not be
a problem even up to the middle of this century. Still we cannot avoid the
inevitability of rice from our own source. Therefore, we have to grow rice with
our own limited resources along the increasing climatic threats. It means our
rice agriculture will be always in tension how to maintain the productivity.
Therefore it is a critical problem to take care of.
PHOTO: STAR
Total cultivable land (11.37 million ha) under
rice has experienced a little change since independence. Transplanted Aman area
(5.2 million ha) experienced the same. But the area under Boro has increased a
several fold (from 0.5 million ha to around 4.85 million ha) just at the
expense of Aus, Jute and some upland crop lands. Therefore, a little
scope is left to increase the area under rice with the ongoing cultivars.
However, some of the unfavourable land could be exploited if climate smart
varieties or technologies are made available. Unfortunately, due to
geographical position, Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries in
the world with so many extreme events like cyclones, droughts, floods, salinity
intrusion, heat and cold waves, etc. Climate change is a reality now. So
these extreme events are quite frequent to incur a heavy loss to the
crop. Nevertheless, Climate smart varieties and technologies are coming
up to cope with the arrogant environment. Though these varieties and
technologies might be good for today but not for tomorrow. The alarming
situation is that the modern rice varieties have reached their yield plateau.
The input use is already high and shrinking the scope of using land and water
resources. Even due to some unavoidable reasons, farmers are getting unable to
harvest the maximum potentiality of their crops. So the genetic gain (the
increase in crop performance that is achieved through genetic improvement
programs per unit time of breeding) we are having is not up to mark (0.5%).
Modern rice varieties (MV) in Bangladesh
occupies 82% of the total rice area. Despite having a good number (77;
originally it was 65; recently 12 new varieties were added in this row) of
modern rice varieties only a few (BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 in Boro and BR11
in Transplanted Aman) has got the status of mega (very popular)
varieties. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) released these
varieties quite a long time ago (BR11 is released in 1980 (coverage 40% of the
T. Aman area) and BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 in 1994), still they are popular
(coverage 60% of the Boro rice) because of their acceptability to the farmer
and consumer as well. The present yield potentialities of these varieties are
not beyond question. Because they are getting weaker with days to fight against
the recently developed biotic and abiotic stresses. Still farmers bother a
little to the advice of the scientists to replace these outdated varieties with
the new ones. It means Plant Breeders are in difficulties to replace
varieties already in farmers' hand. The popular varieties cultivated over
the years are in a process of creating unwanted pest-pressures in a cropping
system to reduce the total system of productivity. However, this
statement might not be true in case of some recently developed stress tolerant
varieties. But farmers might encounter the similar problem as we have
noticed in the so called mega varieties when the varieties will get old.
Therefore, for a particular ecosystem, despite its popularity a conventional
variety should be replaced with a new one with desirable trait(s) in every five
to seven years or so.
The challenges are many. To overcome few of them
we need an efficient breeding pipe line to have readymade supply of variety in
need in time. The present variety development procedure (pedigree method) is
quite lengthy. It takes 14 to 15 years from breeder's lab to farmer's hand
(Diagram-1)
That is why BRRI has decided to reorganise its
breeding program through a project (Transforming rice breeding through capacity
enhancement of BRRI) adopting new breeding technology and research management
methods improving the selection efficiency for the varieties targeting for
desirable agronomic traits, biotic and abiotic stresses resistances, grain
quality and consumer preferences. Gary Atlin, Scientist and Senior Program
Officer from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is the main strength behind
this work force. In fact, it is a part of the charity intervention of the
Foundation as some other projects in action like STRSA (Stress-tolerant Rice
for Africa and South Asia) intended to develop drought and saline tolerant rice
varieties. Anyway, this project is exclusively for Bangladesh and the technical
assistance from International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). Thus, the farmer
and consumer oriented variety could be developed and released regularly. In
IRRI Dr. Eero Nisslä, head Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division
and his team is already in progress to change some of their breeding
approaches. Scientists are in a process to transform the conventional breeding
concept in a business format. They have termed the entire rice breeding
system as rice breeding factory and trying reduce variety release time. A study
(done at IRRI in 1999) says that reducing a breeding cycle by 2 years has an
economic benefit of about USD 18 million over the useful life of a variety.
Following the new approach, scientists are optimistic to reduce the breeding
pipeline by at least six years to incur a huge economic benefit (Diagram 2).
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The new approach of rice
breeding at BRRI would adopt the same as in IRRI like modern market research
approaches, breeding tools, information management systems, and research team
organisation and accountability. To develop location specific varieties
reflecting consumer, producer and other value chain actors' preferences, market
segments and target environments will be precisely characterised.
Rapid Generation Advance
(RGA), a method to make selection method faster from the advance generations of
segregating populations under controlled environment will be followed. A
technique of single seed descent in this method would allow 3 (generally one
generation a year in the existing system) generations a year is the main
driving force to reduce the breeding cycle in a variety development system.
The overall transforming
breeding procedure will follow the steps as:
* Using low-cost,
high-throughput marker-assisted selection (MAS) to quickly and cheaply select
for key traits like salinity tolerance, drought etc.
* Increasing breeding program
size through digitalisation of data collection and mechanisation of some field
operations.
* Increasing selection
pressure for yield by introducing multi-environmental yield testing in early
generations;
* Improving selection
accuracy by introducing an integrating breeding information management system
(BIMS).
The objective of the
transforming breeding system is to increase the probability of selecting
desirable breeding lines. Accordingly, a huge number of fixed breeding lines
are to be developed and tested for the desirable traits. Key parents and
ancestral lines have to undergo genotyped at high density using genotyping by
sequencing (GBS). Before yield testing, lines from RGA will be tested for
phenology, quality and resistance traits. MAS will be used using SNP
(Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) marker for key traits like quality, stress and
disease tolerance. Observational Yield Trial (OYT) will be conducted across the
locations. The number of lines under this initial yield trial would be 40-fold
(3000) compared to that of the current pedigree method (75). This is because to
increase the selection pressure for the key trait to enhance the genetic gain
for yield.
A hand-held automatic
data recording device will be used to collect the data through barcodes fixed
in the field and directly transfer to the computer in the
laboratory. Then and there data will be managed and analysed by BIMS. All
of the operations will be done automatically to increase the efficiency of the
breeding methods. Skilled institutional staff and their liability to the work
is an important issue too to execute the task.
The philosophy of the
transforming breeding approaches comes from the modern commercial plant
breeding practices followed by several famous multinational seed companies. So
the rice is considered (already mentioned at the beginning of the article) as
an “article of trade” in this breeding approach and designated as focused
product profile developed through a chain of machines like “rapid breeding
cycle”, high output phenotyping, routine use of molecular markers and
wide-scale multi-environmental yield testing. We are expecting BRRI to be
proactive in developing the ideal product i.e. farmers' friendly varieties and
disseminate them through public-private partnership approach. BRRI has
just stepped into the system with the assistance of charitable organisation
Bill and Milinda Gates foundation. The output of this project will be as
follows:
* 2000 germplasm
and breeding lines will be screened against salinity
* 1200 germplasm and
breeding lines will be screened against cold and drought, separately.
* 900 germplasm and
breeding lines will be screened at the vegetative stage against submergence and
water stagnation tolerance.
* 42,000 breeding lines
will be screened against major diseases.
* 10600 breeding lines
will be analysed for grain quality and nutrition.
* Genotyping by
sequencing of 500 parents to be used in breeding program will be done.
* Genome sequencing of
40 BRRI developed varieties
Finally, a huge stock of
40,000 advance breeding lines will be in hand to have a variety in need. Thus,
BRRI can confidently ensure that the nation attains sustainable food security
in the near future.
The writer is Director
General, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. He can be reached at biswas.jiban@gmail.com
http://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/25th-anniversary-special-part-4/transforming-rice-breeding-212008
SILVER JUBILEE SPECIAL
Nutritional
security through bio-fortified zinc rice
Photo: Star
Dr.
Md. Khairul Bashar and Dr. M A Hamid Miah
Bangladesh
agriculture has contributed to achieving food self sufficiency through
production of about 38 million tons of food grain. Rice alone provides a major
share of this with over 35 million tons. And this was possible through a strong
role by far reaching policy of the government, dedicated research and extension
activities, active participation of farmers and organised seed producers. We
even exported 25,000tonsof rice to Sri Lanka last year.
But did we
achieve nutrition security? The answer is NO. It is yet to be achieved
particularly for rural and urban poor. They depend almost solely on rice, the
staple food, through which they obtain nutrition, but partial supplementation
is available through fruits, vegetables and animal resources which they can
manage in their homesteads and lands they have. Their main target is to
mitigate hunger, where nutrition is hardly consideredas their target in their
diet, although there are national programs for vitamin supplementation through
tablets and edible oil enriched with vitamin A and D.Such edible oil is kept in
transparent plastic containers, and according to scientists, stability of such
vitamin in transparent container is about six months contrary to 18 months in
dark containers. With 44% of the girls, aged between 15 and 19, too short for
their age, Bangladesh is home to the world's largest number of stunted
adolescent girls after Guatemala, medical journal The Lancet says (bdnews24.com;
July 2,2013).
The issue
of micronutrient like zinc is in a very preliminary stage of awareness and the
availability to address the problems arising out of zinc deficiency was
recognised in recent past in Bangladesh. Sea fish could be a good source, but
poor people cannot afford to access that.It is not yet known to rural people
thatzinc deficiency causes dwarfing, reduced immunity, retarded growth,
Hypogeusia (decreased sensitivity to taste) and acrodermatitisenteropathica(a
kind of facial skin disease) in children.However, there is growing awareness
among professional and policy levels about micronutrients leading to taking up
projects on crop diversification.
The 7th
Five Year Plan (2016-2020) of Bangladesh government underscored importance of
attainment of self sufficiency in food grain production along with increased
production of other nutritional and high value crops thus endorsingfood based
nutrition management through promotion of balanced diet containing adequate
micronutrients. With regard to proper food and nutrition availability,
government initiated many programs including “Health,Population,Nutrition
Sector Development Program (HPNSDP)” recognising the importance of
strengthening and expanding nutrient specific intervention among pregnant and
lactating women, newborn babies, under-5 children and adolescent girls.With
this in view, the 7th Five Year Plan approved strategies fordevelopment of iron
and Vitamin A-rich staple crops through conventional breeding for
Bio-fortification. Since all people in Bangladesh, irrespective of financial
resources, consume rice, micronutrients incorporated in rice grains seems to be
an immediate and sustainable approach to make micronutrients available to
consumers of all levels, particularly the poor.
Photo: Star
Zinc
deficiency in diet in Bangladesh has already been identified as a cause of
concern for health, and some initiatives were taken in the past for food
fortification through coating and extrusion technologies for Bangladeshi rice
grain with importedfortified rice kernels. Some high level officials also
visited China in 2013 for gathering experience on such approachand
mainstreaming of the technology. Accordingly, government of Bangladesh took a
project in partnership with WFP and funding from Dutch embassy to reach 500,000
beneficiaries within 2017. The adoption of suchtechnology requires mandatory
fortification, which is not possible under Bangladesh Socio-political
situation. Philippines passed such a mandatory legislation and could fortify less
than one percent only. Moreover, Bangladeshi rice millers were not encouraged
because of increased cost of such products to face competition in market
resulting from extra mechanical attachment in mills causing complicated
processing jargon.The approach also has a rare benefit from nutrition point of
view since such external supplementation is vulnerable to loss of zinc during
washing prior to cooking and gruel removal. More detailed information is
available in the document “Scaling up Rice Fortification in Asia” compiled by
WFP and Sightand Life(Info@sightandlife.org; Bangkok.riceworkshop2014@wfp.org ).
Under the
circumstances, the worthwhile approach and easily available zinc nutrition
strategy would be to incorporate zinc in rice endosperm, the material we eat as
cooked rice, through conventional breeding process i.e. through
bio-fortification. In that case there will be little chance of loss
ofzincduring milling and gruel removal since zinc is embedded in entire part of
endosperm.Thus poor people will have some access to zinc nutrition through
their staple food, which is very much in line with strategy of the government,
even if they do not have any supplementary source of zinc.
Works are
being done in Bangladesh on methods of increasing zinc in grainusing
technologies like agronomic fortification through spraying zinc sulphate on
plants, putting zinc fertiliser in soil, adding zinc oxide to clean rice, and
above all enriching rice grain with zinc through breeding process. The last
approach was considered,in a workshop at USAID office in Dhaka, to be the most
sustainable at farmers' and consumers' levels, although cost of such breeding
is high at research level, which happens only once in the process of
development and is usually supported by CGIAR centres. CGIAR is the
Consultative Group of International Agricultural Research, IRRI is one such
institute.However, research indicated more uptake of zinc in grain if zinc
fertiliser is applied and the crop is irrigated using AWD (Alternate Wetting
& Drying) technology.
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Bangladesh Research Institute(BRRI) already released four
rice varieties containing different levels of zinc content. These varieties are
competitive with superiority to other existing mega varieties having potential
high yield, earliness and tolerance to tidal flooding and strong winds, and
above alladditional nutrients. These are :(a) BRRI dhan62(Aman
season variety, 100 day life cycle,contains 20mgzinc/kg of milled rice & 9%
protein,yield potential 4.5-5 ton/ha); (b) BRRI dhan64 (Boro season
variety,145-150 days life cycle,contains 24mgzinc/kg of milled rice, yield
potential 5.7-7.0 ton/ha); (c) BRRI dhan 72 (Aman season variety,125-130 days
life cycle, contains 22.8mg zinc/kg of milled rice, yield potential 5.7
to 7.5 ton/ha with proper care). Plants of this variety are 116 cm tall with
stout stems suitable for growing in tidally flooded southern districts and
under strong winds; (d) BRRIdhan74 (Boro season variety, 147 days'life
cycle,contains 24.2mg zinc/kg of milled rice,yield potential 7.1-8.3 ton/ha,
only 92 cm height).
The advantages of these varietiesare that these are inbred
varieties and farmers can produce seeds for their own use like other existing
traditional and modern varieties developed through breeding process and these
are not GMO against which people have some apprehensions. BRRIdhan62 is the
shortest duration variety which allows accommodation of one extra winter crop
before Boro rice establishment in the field. Farmers and the contract growers
of the seed producer associations in Meherpur and Jessore districts reported
that this variety can also be cultivated in Boro and Aus seasons, in fact some
have started producing accordingly, although it is recommended for Aman season.
Those seed producers cannot sell seeds of this variety with its own name for
Boro and Aus seasons because of legal relevance. The variety could spread in
Boro and Aman season with original identity if the National Seed Board approves
this varietyforthese seasons. As a result,zinc enriched biofortified rice could
cover more areas and more people in the villages to accesszinc nutrition with
knowledge and confidence.
HarvestPlus, co-ordinated by International Centre for
Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and International Food Policy Research Institute
(IFPRI), is a global alliance of research institutions and implementing
agencies that have come together to breed and disseminate bio-fortified crops
for better nutrition. IFPRI and CIAT have started implementation of the program
“HarvestPlus” (Email: k.bashar@cgiar.org; webpage:www.HarvestPlus.org) in 2002. By the end
of 2016 HarvestPlus will has a goal to reach an accumulated number of 570,000
farming households and by 2018 the target is 1,375,000.
Photo:
Star
HarvestPlus aims to improve the zinc status of Bangladeshi women
and children through the introduction of high zinc rice varieties for
production and consumption by smallholder farm households. The micronutrient
target increment for zinc in rice is 12 ppm i.e. 12 mg/kg; this increment
provides about 25% of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for 4-6 years
oldpre-school children and adult women of child-bearing age. In Bangladesh,
since 2013, HarvestPlus confined their works within seed production and
delivery through fivegovernment organisations including BRRI and DAE, two
private seed producerassociations comprising about 300 small and medium
companies and 25NGOs distributed over 350 upazilas of 58 districts. Based on
the last 2 years' dissemination and delivery activities with the help of GO,NGO
and private companies HarvestPlus could reach 120,000 Households through
distributing 360 tons of seeds. It has plan for 2016 to reach 360,000
Households through direct and indirect seed distribution.The target is to
increase diffusion rate from 1:3 to 1:5 through farmers to farmer seed exchange
or selling seeds to neighbours.
In order to reduce hidden hunger of zinc nutrition for
poor people, government needs to play leading co-ordination role through the
following strategies: (a) create awareness about benefit of zinc rice
consumption by rural and urban poor through publicityin the media and relevant
organizations; (b) mainstreaming of seed production and delivery to farmers
using BADC and private seed companies; (c) entrusting DAE for overall extension
activitiestowards popularization through its rural level extension workers; (d)
involve female health visitors to motivate rural women for feeding their
children with zinc rice; (e) guard against any attempt of consumers being
cheated—millers and rice traders should sell zinc enriched rice in sealed bags
with name of appropriate zinc rice varieties printed on the bag and duly
certified by rice millers so that quality can be ensured through regular
monitoring by BSTI with initial assistance from HarvestPlus. (Such an approach
is already in practice by Aristocrat Agro Limited for Low GI (Glycemic Index)
rice valuable for diabetic patients.) And finally, (f) increase demand and
market share of zinc rice. HarvestPlus has initiated work towards these aspects
for implementation during 2016.The government and the development partners
should extend their hands to support this moral activity to save our millions
children from the hidden hunger.
On the whole, a national campaign will need to be organised
for providing zinc nutrition to poor people through a national level committee
consisting of Ministries of Agriculture, Health & Family Welfare, Food,
Women& Children Affairs and other relevant organisations under the
leadership of Ministry of Agriculture.Since it is an approach of rice based
nutrition, which is feasible at village level, proper leadership and guidance
can successfully address zinc nutrition deficiency. It is worth mentioning that
golden rice, containing Pro-Vitamin A isin the final stage of research for
accessibility to consumers.
Dr. Md. Khairul Bashar is the Country Manager of HarvestPlus,
Bangladesh and Former Director (Research), BRRI and Dr. M A Hamid Miah is
Fellow of the Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Former IRRI Liaison Scientist for
Bangladesh, Former Executive Chairman, BARC and Former Director General, BRRI.
http://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/25th-anniversary-special-part-4/nutritional-security-through-bio-fortified-zinc-rice
UK Newton Agham fund gives Filipino scientists,
innovators P270 million in grants
AFP FILE PHOTO
InterAksyon.com
The online news portal of TV5
The online news portal of TV5
MANILA - Over £4 million (about P274 million) worth of grants have
been awarded on the second year of the Newton Fund in the Philippines, the
British embassy here said in a news release Thursday.
The embassy also announced that the Newton Fund, which was
launched in April 2014, will be extended to 2021 and doubled from £75 million
per year currently to £150 million per year by 2021.
Successful proposals in other Newton Agham Programmes will be
announced soon, the embassy said.
These include the Rice Research Initiative, involving the UK‟s
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and Natural
Environment Research Council (NERC) and Philippine Partners DOST Philippine
Council for Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Resources Research and
Development, (PCAARRD) and the Department of Agriculture Philippine Rice
Research Institute (PhilRice).
The British Council and the Commission on Higher Education
(CHED)’s Institutional Links grants will also be named.
“These grants demonstrate the collaboration between science and
innovation funding agencies and the new links made between UK and Philippine
researchers. We look forward to the innovations that emerge from these
partnerships and the application of expert knowledge to improve the lives of
people in the Philippines,” British Ambassador Asif Ahmad said.
Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Secretary Mario
Montejo welcomed the opportunity to work with the British Embassy and UK
partners, expressing his full support to the British Embassy-DOST partnership
for the Newton Fund.
“This partnership with the UK government, through the Newton-Agham
initiative, will help us further build our country's S&T-based Innovation
Ecosystem... another milestone in our continuous pursuit for a Technology
Self-Reliant Philippines,“ Montejo said.
The grants, which are co-funded by the Department of Science and
Technology (DOST), shall address problems in health, energy security, food
security, rapid urbanization, and innovation capacity, and aim to contribute to
the social and economic development of the Philippines, the embassy said,
Awardees under the newly named Newton
Agham (Science) Programme were recognized in a reception held at the
British Ambassador’s Residence February 3.
The partnership has been
re-branded “Newton Agham Programme” to highlight the
collaboration between the UK and the Philippines and the growing partnership
between the two countries in science, research, and innovation.
The program shall support UK and Philippine research institutions
in six three-year research collaborations on infectious diseases and individual
grants including four PhD Scholars and 15 Leaders in Innovation Fellows.
UK partners for the grants are the British Council (BC), Royal
Academy of Engineering (RAEng), and Medical Research Council (MRC).
Nagpur Foodgrain Prices Open-Feb 04
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Nagpur, Feb 4 Gram and tuar prices reported higher in Nagpur Agriculture Produce and
Marketing Committee (APMC) here on good buying support from local millers amid weak arrival from
producing belts. Fresh rise on NCDEX in gram, reports about weak overseas arrival and enquiries
from South-based millers also boosted sentiment prices, according to sources.
FOODGRAINS & PULSES
GRAM
* Desi gram recovered in open market her on renewed demand from local traders amid
weak supply from producing regions.
TUAR
* Tuar varieties ruled steady in open market here matching the demand and supply
position.
* Wheat mill quality firmed up here on good seasonal demand from local traders amid
weak supply from producing regions like Punjab and Haryana.
* In Akola, Tuar New - 8,000-8,200, Tuar dal New - 12,500-13,700, Udid -
12,600-13,600, Udid Mogar (clean) - 14,900-16,700, Moong -
8,400-8,600, Moong Mogar (clean) 9,400-9,700, Gram - 4,100-4,200,
Gram Super best bold - 5,300-5,700 for 100 kg.
* Other varieties of wheat, rice and other commodities moved in a narrow range in
scattered deals, settled at last levels.
Nagpur foodgrains APMC auction/open-market prices in rupees for 100 kg
FOODGRAINS Available prices Previous close
Gram Auction 3,600-4,160 3,540-4,150
Gram Pink Auction n.a. 2,100-2,600
Tuar Auction 7,300-8,160 7,200-8,100
Moong Auction n.a. 6,400-6,600
Udid Auction n.a. 4,300-4,500
Masoor Auction n.a. 2,600-2,800
Gram Super Best Bold 5,800-6,000 5,800-6,000
Gram Super Best n.a. n.a.
Gram Medium Best 5,400-5,600 5,400-5,600
Gram Dal Medium n.a. n.a
Gram Mill Quality 4,400-4,500 4,400-4,500
Desi gram Raw 4,450-4,550 4,450-4,550
Gram Filter new 4,500-4,900 4,500-4,900
Gram Kabuli 6,000-8,000 6,000-8,000
Gram Pink 6,500-7,300 6,500-7,300
Tuar Fataka Best-New 12,800-14,000 12,800-14,000
Tuar Fataka Medium-New 12,200-12,600 12,200-12,600
Tuar Dal Best Phod-New 12,000-12,250 12,000-12,250
Tuar Dal Medium phod-New 11,500-11,800 11,500-11,800
Tuar Gavarani New 8,050-8,450 8,050-8,450
Tuar Karnataka 8,600-9,000 8,600-9,000
Tuar Black 13,000-13,300 13,000-13,300
Masoor dal best 6,400-6,600 6,400-6,600
Masoor dal medium 6,000-6,200 6,000-6,200
Masoor n.a. n.a.
Moong Mogar bold (New) 9,600-10,000 9,600-10,000
Moong Mogar Med 9,000-9,300 9,000-9,300
Moong dal Chilka 8,400-9,100 8,400-9,100
Moong Mill quality n.a. n.a.
Moong Chamki best 8,600-8,800 8,600-8,800
Udid Mogar best (100 INR/KG) (New) 16,000-17,000 16,000-17,000
Udid Mogar Medium (100 INR/KG) 13,400-14,500 13,400-14,500
Udid Dal Black (100 INR/KG) 9,600-9,900 9,600-9,900
Batri dal (100 INR/KG) 5,550-5,900 5,550-5,900
Lakhodi dal (100 INR/kg) 4,400-4,600 4,400-4,600
Watana Dal (100 INR/KG) 3,250-3,400 3,250-3,400
Watana White (100 INR/KG) 3,000-3,200 3,000-3,200
Watana Green Best (100 INR/KG) 3,100-3,600 3,100-3,600
Wheat 308 (100 INR/KG) 1,700-1,800 1,700-1,800
Wheat Mill quality (100 INR/KG) 1,700-1,800 1,675-1,760
Wheat Filter (100 INR/KG) 1,650-1,850 1,650-1,850
Wheat Lokwan best (100 INR/KG) 2,100-2,500 2,100-2,500
Wheat Lokwan medium (100 INR/KG) 1,950-2,250 1,950-2,250
Lokwan Hath Binar (100 INR/KG) n.a. n.a.
MP Sharbati Best (100 INR/KG) 3,600-3,900 3,600-3,900
MP Sharbati Medium (100 INR/KG) 3,000-3,200 3,000-3,200
Rice BPT best New(100 INR/KG) 2,600-2,850 2,600-2,850
Rice BPT medium (100 INR/KG) 2,000-2,250 2,000-2,250
Rice Parmal (100 INR/KG) 1,800-2,000 1,800-2,000
Rice Swarna best (100 INR/KG) 2,100-2,300 2,100-2,300
Rice Swarna medium (100 INR/KG) 1,800-2,000 1,800-2,000
Rice HMT best New (100 INR/KG) 3,000-3,450 3,000-3,450
Rice HMT medium (100 INR/KG) 2,400-2,800 2,400-2,800
Rice Shriram best New(100 INR/KG) 4,100-4,500 4,100-4,500
Rice Shriram med New(100 INR/KG) 3,700-4,100 3,700-4,100
Rice Basmati best (100 INR/KG) 9,800-11,700 9,800-11,700
Rice Basmati Medium (100 INR/KG) 7,800-8,000 7,800-8,000
Rice Chinnor best New(100 INR/KG) 4,700-4,850 4,700-4,850
Rice Chinnor med. New (100 INR/KG) 4,200-4,400 4,200-4,400
Jowar Gavarani (100 INR/KG) 1,800-2,100 1,800-2,100
Jowar CH-5 (100 INR/KG) 1,700-1,800 1,700-1,800
WEATHER (NAGPUR)
Maximum temp. 32.0 degree Celsius (89.6 degree Fahrenheit), minimum temp.
14.1 degree Celsius (56.4 degree Fahrenheit)
Humidity: Highest - n.a., lowest - n.a.
Rainfall : n.a.
FORECAST: Mainly clear sky. Maximum and minimum temperature would be around and 31 and 14 degree
Celsius respectively.
Note: n.a.--not available
(For oils, transport costs are excluded from plant delivery prices, but
included in market prices.)
http://in.reuters.com/article/nagpur-foodgrain-idINL3N15J2Z2
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